Documents on the Move: Memorabilia of the 462nd General Transport Company

It’s time to return to the subject of the earliest posts at this blog: The loss of over 130 soldiers of the 462nd General Transport Company, a British military unit comprised of Jewish soldiers from the Yishuv.  This tragic event occurred when the transport ship S.S. Erinpura was sunk by Luftwaffe aircraft of Kampfgeschwader 26 (KG 26) north of the Libyan coast, on May 1, 1943.  This event and its aftermath were covered in these nine posts, which include lists of the Jewish and African soldiers lost that day:

I: Introduction
II: What Was Known, Then – What Is Known, Now
III: The Sky Above / The Sea Below
IV: The Fallen – Soldiers of the 462nd General Transport Company – I
IV: The Fallen – Soldiers of the 462nd General Transport Company – II (Biographical Information)
V: The Fallen – Basotho Soldiers
VI: The Fallen – Merchant Navy and Indian Merchant Navy Sailors
VII: The Survivors: How many?  Who?
VIII: Thoughts
IX: References

This recent post presents photographs and biographical information a soldier of the 462nd, about whom little was previously known:

Private Victor Chaim Hananel

“This” new post – the one you’re viewing right now! – presents information about the 462nd General Transport Company from a very different angle: The focus is less on individuals than it is information.  That is, four documents pertaining to the history and service of the 462nd.  I recently discovered these items while randomly searching “to and fro” for information about the 462nd in particular, and Jewish soldiers from the Yishuv, in general.  In this, I fortuitously (and luckily, too!) chanced upon the Kedem Auctions Judaica and Israeliana Auction House, which features among its abundant holdings memorabilia pertaining to Jewish military service, from the diaspora, the Yishuv, and the re-established nation-state of Israel.  Kedem’s website is simple and pleasing to the eye, very well designed, and easy to use, and typically features images of items-for-auction in high resolution, accompanied by pithy descriptions.  (This isn’t a plug on Kedem’s behalf – it’s true.)  

Anyway.  Kedem’s website features four items about the 462nd General Transport Company, three of which have been sold, and one of which is awaiting a purchaser. Kedem’s images of these items (edited a bit in Photoshop) follow below, accompanied by descriptive text from their website.  Taken together, they lend a fuller dimension to the history of the 462nd General Transport Company, revealing that despite the disaster of the first of May in 1943, the unit persevered and continued.  This, I think, was the best way to honor and remember its fallen soldiers. 

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First… Booklet Issued by the 462nd Hebrew Transport Company, Marking the Anniversary of the Sinking of SS Erinpura – May, 1944

A booklet (mimeographed typescript) marking the anniversary of the sinking of SS Erinpura which carried hundreds of soldiers of the 462nd Transport Company of the British Army.  Published by the 462nd Transport Company, May 1, 1944.  A booklet commemorating the soldiers of the 462nd Transport Company, volunteers of the Jewish Yishuv in the British Army, who perished with the sinking of the SS Erinpura on their way to Malta, before the invasion of the Allies to Sicily.  The booklet was printed by the surviving members of the company to mark the anniversary of the sinking of the ship.  It contains a list of the members of the company who perished at sea, alongside testimony by one of the survivors, a short tribute by company commander Major Harry Yoffe, and additional texts.  Enclosed are three leaves of the newspaper “A Missive to the Male and Female Soldiers” issued by the executive committee of the Histadrut Labor Federation (June 1943 / May 1944), which contain articles about the 462nd Transport Company and the sinking disaster.  One of the articles covers a memorial service the company held on the anniversary of the sinking of the Erinpura, noting that “the company published a special booklet in their memory that was distributed among the participants” (presumably, referring to the booklet before us). – Booklet: 13 leaves, in a transparent nylon cover (new), 16.5X22 cm.  Good condition.  Stains.  Worming.  Closed and open tears to edges, most of them restored.  Enclosed leaves: 25 cm.  Numerous stains.  Small tears, holes and filing holes.  Not in NLI.  [National Library of Israel]  Provenance:  The Rimon Family Collection.

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Second… Collection of Booklets and Journals – The Jewish Brigade and Jewish Units in the British Army – 1940s

Collection of booklets and journals of Jewish units in the British army.  The first half of the 1940s.  Approx. 40 booklets and journals (mostly mimeographed typescripts), printed for various Jewish units in the British army, including the Jewish Brigade and transport companies.  The journals provide much information about the activity of the units, the battles and the lives of the Jewish soldiers in Europe.  Some of them are accompanied by illustrations.  Included: • “Basha’ar” (At the Gate), internal booklet no. 3, 1941 – a booklet encouraging students to enlist in the British army. • Journals of No. 5 Water Tank Coy. R.A.S.C; 462 General Transport Coy. R.A.S.C; company 553, R.A.O.C; 178 General Transport Coy. R.A.S.C; and other companies.  • Issue no. 3 of the journal of the 1st Palestinian Light Anti-Aircraft Battery. Merchavya, 1943.  One of the articles in the issue deals with the need to enlist and fight for the Jewish Yishuv in face of the news about the destruction of European Jewry. • Issues 4-5 of “Bama’avak” (In the Struggle), the journal of the Jewish Brigade. Belgium, 1945. • A volume compiling various journals and leaflets; most of them of the Jewish transport companies. • and more.  – A total of approx. 40 items (some of them bound together). Size and condition vary.  Provenance: The Rimon Family Collection.

The vehicle illustrated on the cover of the booklet is a Bedford QL, a truck “manufactured by Bedford [over 52,000 built] for use by the British Armed Forces in the Second World War.”

This Bedford QLC (fire engine, signals vehicle, or petrol tanker), from The Shopland Collection, was manufactured in 1943 and restored in the 1990s.

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Third… Jewish Transportation Unit 462 – Italy, 1945

Passover haggadah. Y.A.L. [Jewish Transportation Unit] 462, Royal Services Corps, Italy, 1945.

Non-traditional haggadah, printed for the use of the Jewish soldiers serving in Transportation Unit 462 of the British Army in Italy during World War II.

Before the meal, under the title “On This Festive Occasion” and before “The Commander’s Blessing”, the following text appears [Hebrew]: “On this night of vigil, when we sit down for the Seder of 1945, in Italy – in a foreign land, and we ourselves are wearing military uniforms, we feel the absence of our friends, seated together with us at this time last year.  We are pained by the loss of Jewish communities in Europe, that are no longer, exterminated by a cruel and evil hand.  We have some flashes of light: the fighting Jewish brigade, that carries the flag of Israel and is in the right place, and the first arrival of the few survivors and the children we have trained. Our longing is strong, and tonight, our hearts yearn for our home – our country”. – [15] leaves (back cover missing), 16.5 x 20.5 cm. Fair-good condition. Front cover detached and torn on margins. Stains (mostly to cover and leaf margins). The inscription “illustrations by Stiger” and the emblem of the Jewish Transportation Unit, both printed on the inner side of the front cover, are heavily blurred. – Not in the book by Aviram Paz, “The Exodus from Egypt, Then and Now, Collection of Rare Passover Haggadahs from the 1940s, from the Author’s Collection” (Kibbutz Dalia, 2015).

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Fourth… Collection of Issues of the Newspaper “HaHayil” – Soldiers of the Jewish Brigade in Europe, 1946 / Invitation to a Hanukkah party in Tobruk, Libya, 1942

HaHayil, daily newspaper for Jewish soldiers. “Western Europe” [probably Brussels], January to June, 1946.  Issue Nos. 519-21, 523, 540, 547-48, 550, 557, 563, 570, 582, 594, 605, 625, 640. Hebrew.

First image…  16 issues of the newspaper “HaHayil.”  The newspaper was first published in Italy under the title “LaHayal…” [“To the Soldier, Daily Newsmagazine for Jewish Soldiers in Continental Europe”], but following the surrender of Nazi Germany, the soldiers of the Jewish Brigade were transferred to the Low Countries, the newspaper’s editorial board moved to Brussels, and the paper then began to appear under its new title.  The issues printed during the newspaper’s second incarnation, in Brussels, document the defeat of Germany and the lives of Jewish soldiers in postwar Europe, containing a wealth of information regarding Palestine and the Jewish Yishuv there, in addition to dealing with the Holocaust and its survivors, and the Jewish Brigade and it soldiers.

Newspaper issues 34 cm; invitation sheet 29 cm. Condition varies.

This issue of HaHayil, number 570, published March 8, 1946, can be viewed in full at the National Library of Israel.  

Second image…  Enclosed: A one-page invitation to a Hanukkah party in December 1942 in Tobruk, Libya, extended to the soldiers of the 5th and 11th RASC (water supply) Companies, and the 462nd, 178th, and 179th RASC (general) Companies.  

The units listed in the invitation can be seen just below the title, in the first and second lines of text.

Anonymous no More – A Soldier of the Erinpura: Private Victor Chaim Hananel (חננאל חיים) of the 462nd General Transport Company – Killed in Action May 1, 1943

When you delve into the past, it soon becomes apparent how rapidly knowledge of “what has come before” recedes into the mists of time … even for events that are, in a relative sense, quite recent.  I suppose this has always been true.  But, I only began to really appreciate the fragility of memory when I embarked upon searching for historical records, biographical information, and personal recollections concerning soldiers who served in the Second World War.  (And the Great War.  And the Korean War.  And so on…) 

Military and personal histories are – true – now readily available at the touch of an icon.  But, upon a deeper look, the ambiguities, absences, and gaps inherent to knowledge of the past are striking, boldly contrasting with the way in which the Internet creates the impression – or should we say illusion? – of the immediate availability and depth of historical information.

And so, I think back to some of my earliest internet writings concerning Jewish soldiers…  These include a series about the S.S. Erinpura, which was sunk by the Luftwaffe of the Libyan coast on May 1, 1943 (Nissan 26, 5703), with the loss of several hundred soldiers from the Yishuv, and, Africa.  Of the 138 Jewish troops who were killed in the sinking of this vessel – all members of the 462nd General Transport Company – nominal references or historical records are available for most, primarily in Volume I of Henry Morris’ We Will Remember Them (and a few in its companion Volume II), and, the Israeli Government’s Izkor website, for “The Commemoration Site of Fallen Defense and Security Forces of Israel”.  (Very little news about this event appeared in the English-language news media, and – entirely unsurprisingly – nothing whatsoever in the American Jewish press.)  After plumbing those sources, I found that there was a small number of soldiers – eleven men in total – for whom genealogical information was unavailable, or, for whom – in eight cases – information was limited to a soldier’s date and/or place of birth.

But of the eleven, one man – the focus of this post – is “anonymous” no more.  He was; he is; he remains Driver Victor Chaim Hananel, PAL/31222, born in Istanbul in 1922.  This is due to the interest and enthusiasm of his family, particularly Tony Hananel, the daughter-in-law of Victor’s brother Isak (Tony’s husband is Leon, the nephew Victor Chaim never knew), I’m now able to present a picture of Victor’s life through images and words.  Though his biography is incomplete, it is a biography nonetheless. 

As so, the other soldiers; the currently “unknown” ten, are:

Bohary, Tzvi, Cpl., PAL/10203
Ben-Tzvi, Yaacov, Driver, PAL/32277 – Givat Hashlosha, Israel; Poland, 1922
Buchbinder, Reuben, Driver, PAL/01993 – Iasi, Romania
Chayim, Mordechai / Mordehai (Max), Cpl., PAL/00464 – Kibbutz Givat Brenner, Israel; Czechoslovakia, 1911
Cohen, Raphael, Driver, ME/10670905
Feldman/ Platzman, Yisrael, Driver, PAL/00522 – 1919
Goldshtein / Goldstein, Paul, L/Cpl., PAL/00650 – 1905
Proper, Joseph, Cpl., PAL/00191 – Dinow, Poland, 1915
Schlesinger / Shlezinger, Michael, Driver, PAL/32377 – Jordan Valley, Israel; Vienna, Austria, 4/1/23
Yaacobson (Yaakobson), Hans, Driver, PAL/01206 – Kfar Yedidya, Israel

In that, as suggested by Zelda Mishkovsky’s poem “Every Man Has A Name” – at the “end” of this post – let this account stand as a symbol for those whose life stories remain, for now, unknown.

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The origins of the Hananel family probably lie in the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492, the exiled family eventually settling in Budin (Budin Eyalet).  As explained at Wikipedia, “Budin Eyalet (also known as Province of Budin/Buda or Pashalik of Budin/Buda, Ottoman Turkish: ایالت بودین) was an administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire in Central Europe and the Balkans.  It was formed on the territories that the Ottoman Empire conquered from the medieval Kingdom of Hungary and Serbian Desperate.  The capital of the Budin Province was Budin (Hungarian: Buda).”

The family’s presence in Budin is confirmed by their possession of an Imperial Edict from the 16th Century.  This document (see the image below) expresses gratitude to the Hananels and other Jewish families who opened the doors of fortress Budin in 1526, when the Ottoman Empire conquered the city.

In time, the family moved to Constantinople.

In further time, we come to the twentieth century.

Victor Chaim’s father Yuda Leon was the owner of a textile business.  He and his wife Rebeka had four sons – oldest to youngest David Danny, Emil, Isak, and Victor Chaim – all of whom attended a French Jesuit School in Istanbul.  The three elder brothers were sent to either France or Belgium where they finished their high school studies, subsequently returning to Turkey, where they and their parents survived the Second World War.  (Turkey didn’t become an Allied combatant until February 23, 1945.)  By the time that Chaim Victor – the youngest – was in middle school, the Second World War had commenced.  As a result, he was forced to remain in Istanbul, from where he graduated from high school.

What happened next?  In Tony Hananel’s words, “Apparently Victor Chaim fell in love with a young Christian woman and wanted to marry her.  His parents objected to the wedding citing that the elder brothers were not yet married and that he had to wait for his turn.  Frustrated … he … left Turkey, travelled to Palestine and joined the Jewish Brigade.”  

Ironically, though no actual letters remain from Victor Chaim’s sojourn in the Yishuv, with great irony, four bare envelopes which probably contained correspondence replying to the brothers’ inquiries to British military authorities about the fate of their youngest sibling, still exist.  Alas, any and all inquiries bore no fruit.  As Tony has written, “…Victor’s parents died not even sure of their son’s fate.  The brothers clearly knew that he had somehow met his death but nothing of the circumstances.”

As Tony explained, “Had there been any [correspondence between Victor Chaim and his family] though, they would surely not have been in Hebrew as his parents did not speak any Hebrew, but … French, the “lingua franca” of the educated members of the Jewish community,” which was studied in schools of the Alliance Israelite.  Alternatively spoken was Ladino, the lingua franca of Sephardi Jews since the late-fifteenth century Spanish expulsion, which would have been the conversational language of Yuda Leon and Rebeka.

The envelopes appear below.  All are written in Turkish, with the envelope postmarked May 15, 1944 bearing Turkish postal stamps.  Three of the four envelopes are addressed to Victor Chaim’s elder brothers: two to David Danny and one to Isak.  

(All images below – with the exception of the first two, both via Geni.com – are via Tony Hananel, for whose work and generosity I want to express my thanks and appreciation.)

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Yuda Leon Hananel, in a photo appearing in a Turkish document – his passport?  He died in 1950.  (From Geni.com)

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Rebeka (Rivkah) Hananel.  (Also from Geni.com)

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The couple’s four sons in 1924: From left to right, David Danny, Victor Chaim, Emil, and Isak.

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Three sons in 1927: Isak, Emil, and Victor Chaim.

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Again in 1927: The four sons.

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Victor Chaim at the age of five in 1927, looking older and wiser than his years.

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Also 1927: Isak and Victor Chaim.

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1928: Yuda Leon and Rebeka with Emil, Isak, Victor Chaim, and David Danny.

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1932 – four years later: Victor Chaim playfully perches atop a pyramid of brothers; Emil is at right.

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The brothers in 1934.

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A pensive Victor Chaim at the age of thirteen, in 1935.

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This is the 16th Century Imperial Edict received by the Hananels and other Jewish families in Budin.  If you look very closely (right-click and save…), you’ll see that the text appears as twelve double-lines of elegant, miniscule Arabic script, written as if “rising” from right to left, eventually surmounted by a golden key.  

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Here are the four envelopes testifying to Victor Chaim’s all-too-brief life.  Sent to the Hananel family by British military authorities in the Yishuv or Cairo, the correspondence which they held has long since been lost, but presumably pertained to inquiries from the Hananel family concerning Victor Chaim’s fate.  The address on each envelope is written in Turkish.  Two of the envelopes are addressed to the Rehber Shop, a department store in Istanbul of which Yuda Leon was a partner.

Sent from Cairo to the Rehber Shop on March 28, 1944, this envelope was addressed to “Marko Levi,  Anafartalar Caddesi. Rehber Tuhafiye Mağazası.Ankara” The envelope bears no return address.    

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“On His Majesty’s Service”: The cancellation mark appears to indicate a date of May 15, 1944.  This envelope contained a letter that was sent from the “Combined Local Record Office, (“palestine” Section), M.E.F., Filistin”, to David (Danny Hananel?), at Cicek Pazar in Istanbul.  Though I’m entirely unfamiliar with Ottoman or Turkish geography (!), Cicek Pazar might actually be – as described at Wikipedia – “Çiçek Pasajı (TurkishFlower Passage), originally called the Cité de Péra … a famous historic passage (galleria or arcade) on İstiklal Avenue in the Beyoğlu district of IstanbulTurkey.  A covered arcade with rows of historic cafes, winehouses and restaurants, it connects İstiklal Avenue with Sahne Street and has a side entrance opening onto the Balık Pazarı (Fish Market).”

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Another letter to brother David, though with a different address than before: “c/o Elvaşvili. Fındıklayan Han. Cier Pazor, Istanbul.”  But, there’s no return address.  

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A fragment of a fragment: Sent from Cairo to the Rehber Shop on an unknown date, this letter is addressed to “Tünel _____ No. 5, Rehber, Zolata, Istanbul”.  

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The only direct record of Victor Chaim’s military service in the Yishuv comprises the following four images.  Other than his nominal presence in the photos, and, the fact that each picture had (by definition) to have been taken prior to May 1, 1943, each image remains an enigma.

Chaim Victor, holding a cigarette, shakes hands with a friend on a sidewalk overlooking the Mediterranean Sea.  Given that the men are wearing shorts, perhaps it’s the summer of 1941 or ’42?

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In the next three images, Victor’s attire (long pants – not shorts), the setting, and the angle of the sun’s illumination suggest that the pictures were taken at the same time and place.  Given that the seaside railing in the final two images is identical to that in the image above, it would seem that Victor and the other two soldiers took a liking to this coastal location.  

Posing with another soldier at a city street…. 

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,,,and seated with another soldier.  Victor’s shirt bears a shoulder-flash with the word “palestine”.

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I think it’s best to conclude with this fine and evocative photo: Victor Chaim, seated on the railing, with the Mediterranean Sea behind him, is looking directly directly at the unknown photographer (a fellow soldier?). 

In the early 1940s, Victor Chaim is looking into the future.

In 2023, we are looking into the past.

And so, two worlds meet, in memory.  

1922 – Saturday, May 1, 1943 / Shabbat, 26 Nissan 5703
– .ת.נ.צ.ב.ה. –

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Like other casualties aboard the Erinpura, Victor Chaim’s name is memorialized at the Brookwood Memorial in Surrey, England (specifically at Panel 16, Column 3).  Being a Jewish soldier from the Yishuv, he’s also commemorated at the Mount Herzl Military Cemetery, specifically at the memorial to those lost in the Erinpura.  His name is also engraved in this stone at Mount Herzl, photographed in 1993.  

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To conclude, a poem.

Every Man Has a Name (לכל איש יש שם)

Every man has a name
Given him by God
And given by his father and his mother
Every man has a name
Given him by his stature and his way of smiling,
And given him by his clothes.
Every man has a name
Given him by the mountains
And given him by his walls
Every man has a name
Given him by the planets
And given him by his neighbors
Every man has a name
Given him by his sins
And given him by his longing
Every man has a name given him by those who hate him
And given him by his love
Every man has a name
Given him by his holidays
And given him by his handiwork
Every man has a name
Given him by the seasons of the year
And given him by his blindness
Every man has a name
Given him by the sea
And given him
By his death.

Zelda Schneurson Mishkovsky
Зельда Шнеерсон-Мишковски
זלדה שניאורסון-מישקובסקי

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Some References

Leon Hananel, at Geni.com

Rebeka Hananel, at Geni.com

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An Acknowledgement

My sincere thanks to Tony Hananel for her time and effort in providing me with information about Victor Chaim and his (her!) family, as well as excellent scans of photographs and documents from the Hananel family collection.  This post would not exist without her interest, enthusiasm, and help.

The One That Got Away!…  “I Was A Prisoner of War of the Nazis” – “Ich war ein Kriegsgefangener der Nazis,” Aufbau, October 15, 22, and 29, 1943

Whether in war or peace, the nature of man has many facets, which, depending on the circumstance and time, can vary as much within the soul of one person as between different individuals:  Courage.  Fear.  Deliberation.  Rashness.  Boldness.  Hesitation.  Judgement.  Foolhardiness.  Discernment.  Obtuseness.  Bravery.  Cowardice.  Cunning.  Naivete.  And so much more.

One way in which these aspects of the human character have been chronicled, whether in fiction, popular culture, or the “historical record”, is in accounts of the escape from captivity of prisoners of war.  Whether described in official documents, letters and diaries, family stories, legends, passing anecdotes, or the unexpressed memories of men, there are innumerable such tales.  One such account – of very many – from the Second World War, appeared as a three-part series in the New York-published German exile newspaper Aufbau – “Reconstruction” – on October 15, 22, and 29, 1943, under the simple and apropos title “Ich war ein Kriegsgefangener der Nazis” – “I Was a Prisoner of War of the Nazis”.

Written by an un-named Yishuv soldier who escaped from German captivity (the events of the story having transpired in German-occupied Greece) the series commences with the soldier’s interrogation by German officers, continues with fleeting  recollections of his life as a POW (always with escape and defiance in mind), follows with accounts of thwarted escape attempts, and concludes with the soldier’s first encounter – while “on the run” after his eventual, successful escape – with Greek civilians. 

In terms of the soldier’s escape attempts, the first attempt – well, contemplated escape attempt! – would have involved the author and his friend “Sch.” jumping from a moving freight car during a moonlit night.  This plan was aborted at the last moment when rifle fire was heard and a guard entered the car, after which the author and Sch. seem to have been reproached other POWs for jeopardizing the well-being of their comrades. However, during the next train stop, a POW from the adjacent freight car did escape: That man momentarily distracted a guard with the light of a match, and then concealed himself by lying between the rails and allowing the cards to pass over him.

Subsequently, another escape was planned, again involving a night-time train jump by the author and Sch. This was aborted when Sch. pulled the author back into the train, after the author had been “noticed” (again?) … by other POWs?

The second escape attempt occurred as a group of POWs were marching through the pass of Thermopylae: The narrator and Sch. jumped into a nearby ditch during a moment when the column of POWs was temporarily unguarded.  Their immediate escape occurred unnoticed, but the uncoordinated, spontaneous “escapes” of other POWs attracted the attention of a lieutenant and some guards.  Before the arrival of these German soldiers, Sch. and the author managed – unnoticed – to rejoin the main column of POWs.  The other “random” escapees were returned to the POW column to the accompaniment of rifle butts.  Tellingly, two escapees never returned.

So, the third time was the charm.

After leaving Thermopylae the POWs were again loaded onto freight cars.  At night, alone – Sch. having no further interest or motivation in escaping – the narrator jumped from a moving freight car as the train passed over a bridge.  Pursued by rifle fire, he reached the bridge’s railing, and – taking very much of a leap of faith – fell into a stream or river, remaining underwater.  Upon reaching the limit of his endurance, unable to hold his breath any longer, he rose to the surface of the water and saw that he had been left behind: The train has crossed the bridge, without him.

He was a free man.

The tale is well-written, compelling, and inspiring, yet also (deliberately?!) enigmatic, for absolutely nothing is revealed about the soldier’s experiences prior to his capture, let alone the events surrounding his post-escape evasion and eventual return to Allied forces – which together almost certainly encompassed a time period vastly longer than the brief duration of his actual captivity.  Though I’m certain information about each and every aspect of his escape was recorded, corroborated, and archivally preserved by the British military (and probably still exists somewhere – where?! – within The National Archives (not the National Archives!)) for security reasons, this information obviously could never have been released to the news media in wartime.  This, the tale’s “truncated” nature and abrupt end, at least in a literary sense.

Despite the story’s gripping nature and its direct relevance to the nature of the Jewish military service during the Second World War (well, at least in the European Theater…), to the best of my knowledge nothing relating to the tale appeared in any other wartime Jewish periodical.  This was probably attributable to lack of awareness on the part of publishers and editors of other English-language organs of the Jewish news media (whether in the United States, England, South Africa, the Yishuv, or elsewhere) to the very venue of the article’s publication – Aufbau, let alone the article having been published in German.  

One of the most interesting aspects of the story is apparent from its first installment: The author’s identity is a mystery; neither his rank nor his name are given.  His identity is only resolved – and at that, partially resolved – in the third and final part of the series.  However, a general idea of his background can be gained from these clues: 1) Quoting from the introduction to the first installment: “The author of the following diary pages fled as a very young man from Nazi Germany to Palestine and became a member of kvutzah [kibbutz]”.  2) The soldier (and three fellow POWs, “S. and D. and R.”) hailed from the kvutzah of Ashdoth-Ya’akov, now known as Kibbutz Ashdot Yaakov (Ihud); just south of Lake Tiberias.  3) He was born in Germany and graduated from high school there, his parents (…alas, alas…) remaining in that country as of the summer of 1941.  4) He was living in Haifa through 1938.

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This Mapple App Apple Map shows the location of Kibbutz Ashdot Yaakov:  Designated by the red pointer, it’s just south of Lake Tiberias. 

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So, who was this anonymous author?  If you scroll to the very end of this post, you’ll see that the series’ final installment (unlike the first and second installments) published on October 29, 1943, concludes with the initials: “F. J-n.”  Though – perhaps deliberately? – not an exact match, I am confident that these initials refer to Private Y.M. El-Jo’an (serial number PAL/12083), who was reported in The Palestine Post of August 15, 1943, as having escaped from German captivity.  The time-frame of Aufbau’s series fits the August 15 news item perfectly, strongly implying that El-Jo’an evaded (certainly with the assistance of Greek civilians?) for over a remarkable two years, given that the fall of mainland Greece to German forces occurred at the end of April, 1941.   

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Here’s the Post’s front page for August 15, 1943, with the article highlighted…

…and, here’s the brief article itself:

PALESTINIAN P.O.W.’S
ESCAPE

Three Palestinian soldiers, serving in the Royal Fusiliers, who were previously reported prisoners of war, are now officially announced to have escaped from enemy hands.  They are:

Pal/23163, Spr. D. Chaver;
Pal/23183, Spr. J. Menachem;
Pal/23317, Spr. S. Dalah.

Another Palestinian soldier previously reported a prisoner of war, has now been recaptured from enemy hands, is Pal/12083 Pte. El-Jo’an, Y.M., P.C.

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So, assuming “F. J-n.” was in reality Private Y.M. El-Jo’an – as I’m confident he was – I have absolutely no idea of what became of him afterwards.  Paralleling this, I have no information about Sappers Chaver, Menchem, or Dalah.  Perhaps they, too, evaded or escaped from captivity in Greece.  I’m certain their stories would be as compelling as that of Private El-Jo’an, if they could be found.

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Of the forty-five Yishuv soldiers captured by the Germans who did not return from or eventually survive captivity, there were thirteen men who attempted to escape, but did not succeed.  They were:

Disappeared after escaping

Private Menashe Durani: 9/5/41 – jumped from train

Died while evading capture

Private Abraham Gelbart: 4/25/42

Shot or killed during escape attempt

Sapper Aharon Arman: 1/26/45
Corporal Michael-Chaim Brajer: 1/16/45 or 1/26/45
Sapper Abraham Elimelech: 7/19/41
Private Norbert Gabriel: 11/1/41
Sergeant Itzchak Goldman: 4/29/41
Private Saadia Tzabari: 4/28/41 – jumped from train
Corporal Shlomo Tzarfati: 10/1/41
Private Jakub Weissberg: 10/30/42
L/Cpl. Aaron Weissman: 8/19/41

Escaped; apprehended 5/17/44, but shot shortly after recapture

Private Dov-Berl Eisenberg – died of wounds 6/28/44
Private Eliahu Krauze – died immediately

Of these thirteen soldiers, some of their stories are partially known; some are barely known; and some will never be known.  (Well, among men.) 

Very brief biographical profiles of these soldiers are presented below, based on information in both volumes of Henry Morris’ invaluable two-volume work We Will Remember Them, random issues of The Jewish Chronicle and The Palestine Post, plus, information available via the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, and, Izkor, The Commemoration Site of The Fallen of the Defense and Security Forces of Israel, where their portraits were found. 

Note that eight of the thirteen have no known graves.

And so, they are…

– .ת. נ. צ. ב. ה –

תהא
נפשו
צרורה
בצרור
החיים

Arman, Aharon (אהרון ארמן), Sapper, PAL/23378, Royal Engineers
1039th Port Operating Company
Stalag 344 Lamsdorf
1/26/45: Shot during escape attempt
Born 1921
Mr. and Mrs. Nathan [Natan] and Miriam Arman (parents), Tel Aviv, Israel
Krakow Rakowicki Cemetery, Poland – 2A,C,6
We Will Remember Them II – 42
German POW # 4784; Year of birth: CWGC 1926; izkor.gov.il: 1921

____________________

Brajer, Michael Chaim [Chaim-Michail] (חיים-מיכאל ברייר), Cpl., PAL/23009, Royal Engineers
1039th Port Operating Company
Stalag 8B Teschen
1/16/45 or 1/26/45: Killed while fleeing POW camp
Born Kandesh, Hungary, 9/2/13
Mrs. Malja Brajer (wife), Tel Aviv, Israel
Mr. Batseva [Bat-Sheva] Brajer (father)
Athens Memorial, Athens, Greece – Face 4
The Jewish Chronicle 7/25/41
We Will Remember Them I – 239
German POW # 4334; POW List as “Breyer, Michail Chain”; LJC gives name as “M.C. Breyer”, and rank as “Sapper”; CWGC and Izkor.gov.il. dates differ.

____________________

Durani, Menashe (מנשה דורני), Pvt., PAL/13216
603rd Palestinian Port Company
Stalag 344 Lamsdorf
9/5/41: Jumped off train during transfer of POWs to Austria, and disappeared
Born Peta Tikva, Israel, 1918
Mr. and Mrs. Yosef and Shvedia Durani (parents), Raanana, Israel
Athens Memorial, Athens, Greece – Face 9
The Jewish Chronicle 7/25/41
German POW # 4869

____________________

Eisenberg, Dov [Dov-Berl] (דב-ברל אייזנברג), Pvt., PAL/11797, Mentioned in Despatches
Pioneer Corps
POW in Poland
5/17/44: Escaped
Died while POW 6/28/44 (murdered)
“All the days of his captivity Dov did not fall in his spirit, he tried to escape from his captivity, and at the first opportunity he escaped with a friend and the two hid in secret.  Squads of German soldiers set out in search of them and later captured them and led them back to the camp.  On the way to the camp, they met a German officer who ordered them to come with him to look for another escaped prisoner.  As they walked in front of the officer, [?] pulled out a gun and shot them in the back.  Dov’s friend was killed on the spot and Dov was fatally wounded.  A [?] asked the Germans to take him to Bloomsdorf Hospital, but they did not comply with his request and brought him to a military camp.  On 6/28/44, Dov died of his wounds.   He was laid to rest in the British Military Cemetery in Krakow, Poland.”
Born Lodz, Poland, 2/24/21
Mr. and Mrs. Haim and Hava Eisenberg (parents)
Crackow Rakowicki Cemetery, Crackow, Poland – 4,A,9
We Will Remember Them I – 242; We Will Remember Them II – 65
We Will Remember Them I as “Eisenberg, Dov”; CWGC as “Eisenberg, Berl”; Izkor.gov.il as “Dov-Berl Eisenberger”

____________________

Elimelech, Abraham (אברהם אלימלך אל-מלך), Sapper, PAL/23170, Royal Engineers
1039th Port Operating Company
POW in Greece
7/19/41: Wounded and killed while attempting to escape
Born Komotini, Greece, 1915
Mr. Hajim [Haim] and Roza Elimelech (parents), Tel Aviv, Israel
Athens Memorial, Athens, Greece – Face 4
The Jewish Chronicle 7/25/41
We Will Remember Them I – 242

____________________

Gabriel, Norbert [Norbert-Nahum] (נוברט-נחום גבריאל), Pvt., PAL/11574
Palestine Regiment
POW in Greece
11/1/41: Killed while attempting to escape
Born Moglanice, Poland, 5/2/03
Mr. and Mrs. Yaakov and Ernestina Gabriel (parents)
Phaleron War Cemetery, Greece – 12,B,11
The Palestine Post 8/19/41
We Will Remember Them I – 244
We Will Remember Them I as “Gavriel, Norbert”; CWGC as “Gabriel, Norbert”; Name not present in Prisoners of War – Allies and Other Forces of the British Empire

____________________

Gelbart, Avraham [Avraham-Yitzhak] (אברהם-יצחק גלברט), Pvt., PAL/13746
Pioneer Corps
POW in Greece
4/25/42: Died during escape attempt
“Following his service, his unit was transferred to the Kalamata Peninsula in Greece, where he was taken prisoner.  They were put on a train and on their way from Athens to Thessaloniki, when slowing down from journey in the mountains Abraham took advantage of the darkness and jumped out.  After a few days of wandering in the mountains he arrived at one of the villages where he was warmly received by the residents and also given shelter in an attic room.  Stayed with them for about two years, working as a shoemaker and liked all the people of the village.  One day, after learning that a patrol of Italian and German soldiers was approaching the village for search purposes, Avraham fled to the forests and took an old shotgun with him.  While in the woods a bullet was fired from his rifle and he was wounded in the leg.  A few days later, he returned to the village, but in the meantime he lost a lot of blood and developed necrosis in his leg.  He died, and was buried in the Christian cemetery in the village.  It was written on the monument that he was not afraid of the Germans.  In 1945, his body was in the main military cemetery near Athens where he was buried as an unknown soldier.  In 1961, when it was clarified beyond any doubt that this was indeed Abraham’s grave; a ceremony was held there.  A new monument was erected with a Star of David and an inscription in Hebrew, stating, among other things: “From the depths of the past, you have returned to the bosom of faith that has been restored.””
Born Germany, 5/8/12
Mrs. Penira Gelbart (wife), Herzlia, Israel
Mr. and Mrs. Shlomo and Hana Gelbart (parents)
Phaleron War Cemetery, Greece – 3,C,15
The Jewish Chronicle 10/19/45
We Will Remember Them I – 244
We Will Remember Them I as “Gelbart, Avraham”; CWGC as “Gelbart, Abraham”; Year of birth: CWCGC 1902; izkor.gov.il: 5/8/12

____________________

Goldman, Itzchak [Icchaak] (יצחק גולדמן), Sgt., PAL/10889
Pioneer Corps
POW in Greece
4/29/41: Killed while attempting to escape
Born Yaroslavl, Poland
Mr. Shmuel Goldman (father)
Athens Memorial, Athens, Greece – Face 9
We Will Remember Them I – 244
We Will Remember Them I as “Goldman, Y”; CWGC as “Goldman, Icchaak”; Yad Vashem Studies XIV, p. 90

____________________

Krauze, Eliahu (אליהו קראוזה), Pvt., PAL/11786, Mentioned in Despatches
Pioneer Corps
POW in Poland
5/17/44: Murdered
“On the first day of his internment in the POW camp he began to look for a way to escape and return to the front.  After three years in a POW camp in Buiten, Germany, he came to terms with a captive friend, Dov Eisenberg.  On 5/17/44 they tried to escape but were immediately captured and returned to the camp.  One of the Nazi sergeants ordered them to accompany him on the pretext of searching for a third captive who had disappeared and in the field shot them from behind.  Dov was seriously injured and Eliyahu was killed on the spot.  He was laid to rest in the British Military Cemetery in Krakow, Poland.”
Born Lodz, Poland, 1920
Mr. and Mrs. Gronem [Gronam] and Frida Krauze (parents)
Mr. Abram Feldman (uncle), Bnai Brak, Israel
Krakow Rakowicki Cemetery, Poland – 4,A,5
We Will Remember Them I – 249

____________________

Tzabari [Zabary], Saadia [Shlomo] (סעדיה צברי), Pvt., PAL/13145
Pioneer Corps
POW in Greece
4/28/41: Jumped off train during transfer to Germany via Yugoslavia; spotted and killed by German guards
Born Sanaa, Yemen, 1925
Mr. and Mrs. Seadya and Zehava Tzabari (parents)
Athens Memorial, Athens, Greece – Face 9
We Will Remember Them I – 260
We Will Remember Them I as “Tzabari, Saadia”; CWGC as “Zabary, Saadia”

____________________

Tzarfati [Zorfati], Shlomo (שלמה צרפתי), Cpl. PAL/23152, Royal Engineers
1039th Port Operating Company
POW in Greece
10/1/41: Killed while attempting to escape
Born Thessalonika, Greece, 1916
Mrs. Sarah Zorfati (wife), Tel Aviv, Israel
Mr. and Mrs. Aron [Aharon] and Bienvenida [Benvenida] Zorfati (parents)
Athens Memorial, Athens, Greece – Face 4
We Will Remember Them I – 260
We Will Remember Them I as “Tzarfati, Shlomo”; CWGC as “Zorfati, Shlomo”

______________

Weissberg [Waisberg], Jakub [Jacob] (יעקב ויסברג), Pvt., PAL/00890
Pioneer Corps
POW in Greece
10/30/42: Killed while attempting to escape
Born Poland, 1903
Mr. Adolf Weissberg (father)
Athens Memorial, Athens, Greece – Face 9
We Will Remember Them I – 261
We Will Remember Them I as “Weissberg, Y”; CWGC as “Waisberg, Jakub”

______________

Weissman, Aaron [Aron] (אהרון וייסמן), L/Cpl., PAL/23026, Royal Engineers
1039th Port Operating Company
Stalag 8B Teschen
8/19/41: Killed while attempting to escape
Born Bucharest, Rumania, 1/1/14
Mr. and Mrs. Itzhak David and Feige Weissman (parents), Tel-Aviv, Israel
Athens Memorial, Athens, Greece – Face 4
We Will Remember Them I – 274
German POW # 4875; POW List as “Weisman, A.”

________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

________________________________________

So, here are all three parts of “F. J-n.” / Private Y.M. El-Jo’an’s story as published in Aufbau.  Transcribed verbatim and presented in chronological order, each segment is followed by an English-language translation.  Note that the first installment of the series is given a prominent “above the fold” presentation, but the last two parts are allocated to the newspaper’s last page.  

Ich war ein Kriegsgefangener der Nazis
October 15, 1943

Der Verfasser der folgenden Tagebuch blätter floh als ganz junger Mensch aus Hitler-Deutschland nach Palästina und wurde dort Mitglied einer Kwuzah.  Bei Ausbruch des Krieges trat er als Freiwilliger in die britische Armee ein, in der er jetzt einen hohen Offiziersrang bekleidet.  Während der Kämpfe in Griechenland geriet er in Nazi-Gefangenschaft, aus der er sich nach kurzer Zeit befreien konnte.  Die Schilderung dieser Gefangenschaft und Flucht ist nicht allein als individuelles Schicksal interessant, sondern sie gibt auch Aufschluss über die Art, wie aus Deutschland stammende jüdische Soldaten der alliierten Armeen behandelt werden, wenn sie in Nazi-Gefangenschaft geraten.

Ende Mai war es, als man uns — endlich! — zum Verhör auf die Kommandantur brachte.  In der Zwischenzeit hatte die Gestapo alle Dokumente, die sie über uns ehemalige deutsche Juden hatte, herbeigeschafft.  Gemäss internationalen Recht sollte uns genau die gleiche Behandlung wie den britischen Gefangenen zuteil werden; dieses Recht wurde in der Weise umgangen, dass versucht wurde, uns nachzuweisen, dass wir uns in Deutschland vor der Flucht irgendwelcher Vergehen schuldig gemacht hatten.  Einer der Gefangenen wurde unter Sonderarrest gesetzt, weil in den Gestapo-Akten verzeichnet war, dass er beim Verlassen Deutschlands die letzte Rate für eine gekaufte Schreibmaschine geblieben war.  Dies ist ein Beispiel.

Mein Name wird aufgerufen.  Ich trete in das Zimmer des Lagerkommandanten und salutiere.  Er erwidert den Salut.  Die strengen Blicke dreier deutscher Offiziere richten sich auf mich.  Just in diesem Augenblick gewinne ich meine ganze Sicherheit wieder: Was kann mir schon Schlimmeres passieren, als dass man mich erschiesst! So muss man mit Deutschen reden.

‘‘Sie haben Eltern in Deutschland?” fragt der Kommandant scharf, ja drohend.

“Ja”, antworte ich ruhig.

“Sie haben ein deutsches Gymnasium absolviert?”

“Ja.”

“Sie kennen Deutschland?”

“Gewiss.”

“1938 hat der deutsche Konsul in Haifa Sie aufgefordert, sich zum Armeedienst zu stellen; wie kommt es, dass Sie als Freiwilliger in der britischen Armee gegen Deutschland gekämpft haben?”

“Weil Deutschland unser Feind ist; ich hasse meinen Feind!”

Wider Erwarten erhob sich der Offizier vom Stuhl, trat auf mich zu und klopfte mir auf die Schulter: “Sehr gut!”

Ich gestehe: aus mir sprach nicht allein verzweifelter Mut, sondern auch Erfahrung.  Ich wusste bereits, dass diese Frage uns allen gestellt wird, und dass es das Beste sei, kurz angebunden und wahrhaft zu sein.  Einige jüdische Soldaten aus Palästina hatten geantwortet, sie seien in die Armee eingetreten, weil sie arbeitslos waren.  Sofort flogen sie zur Tür hinaus, wurden dort von der Wache mit Fusstritten behandelt und weiter befördert.  Das gleiche passierte einem jüdischen Offizier, der in England der Armee beigetreten war.  Er hatte die Frage mit “Konskription” beantwortet.  Er flog alle Treppen hinunter und musste vom Platz getragen werden.  Drei meiner Kameraden aus Ashdoth-Jaacov (Name einer Kwuzah in Palästina. D. Uebers.) S. und D. und R. gaben die gleiche Antwort wie ich und kamen glimpflich davon.  Ich wurde also nicht hinausgeschmissen, sondern verlies erhobenen Hauptes das Kommandanturzimmer.

Vor dem Abtransport ins Reich

Wir hungerten sehr.  Je zwölf von uns erhielten einen Laib Brot.  Täglich wurden Tausend von uns aus dem Lager wegtransportiert.  Unser Brigadier Plenigton liess uns, bevor man ihn wegtransportierte, den folgenden Befehl zugehen:

“Soldaten der britischen Armee, Australier und Neuseeländer!  Euer Schicksal hat es gewollt, dass Ihr in Gefangenschaft geraten seid — für Kriegsdauer.  Der Feind war uns an Zahl überlegen.  Ihr werdet nun Deutschland mit eigenen Augen zu sehen bekommen.  Vielleicht wird Euch vieles dort gefallen; doch hütet Euch vor jeder Beeinflussung.  Es sind Gerüchte in Umlauf, dass am Ufer von Corinth unsere Unterseeboote warten, um flüchtige Gefangene aufzunehmen.  Ich halte das für ausgeschlossen.  Unser Schicksal ist besiegelt.  Gefangenschaft.”

Die letzten Tausend zu denen auch ich gehörte, wurden am 9 Juni abtransportiert.  Ich hatte wieder einen bösen Malaria-Anfall, und die Hitze war unerträglich.  Nackt standen wir vor der Kommandantur.  Unsere Kleider und Schuhe hatten wir zur Desinfektion abgeben müssen, jeder bekam einen Fetzen, wie ein Taschentuch gross, um seine Blösse zu bedeken.  So schritten wir durch die Gässchen von Corinth zur See, um ein Reinigungsbad zu nehmen.  Die Einwohner entsetzten sich, als sie diesen von bewaffneten Deutschen flankierten Zug der Nackten erblickten; sie stürmten, ständig sich bekreuzigend, in die Häuser.  Wir aber vergassen, dass wir nackt waren: endlich aus der Baracke heraus und frei marschieren dürfen! Wir vergangen, dass wir bewacht wurden, stürzten in die Gemüsegärten, gruben mit den Fingern die Rüben und Gurken heraus und assen sie mit der Gartenerde.  Endlich wieder sich den Magen füllen können, gleichgültig mit was!  Schliesslich wurden wir von der aufgeregten Wache wieder zu einem Zug zusammengeprügelt und zum Strand gebracht.  Dort wurden wir mit Karbol bespritzt, und die unbarmherzige Sonne briet unsere Haut.  Doch als wir endlich in der See “frei” schwimmen durften, vergassen wir alle Not.  Wir schrien vor Lust.

Auf dem Rückwege marterte uns wieder der Gedanke: Gefangenschaft.  Wir blickten sehnsüchtig zum Meer zurück, das uns mit den Ufern Erez Israels verbindet.  Und morgen geht’s nach Deutschland.  Bei mir stand der Entschluss fest: Ich werde fliehen.  Ich habe meinem Mädel — im Lande dort — versprochen wiederzukommen, ich werde mein Versprechen halten!

Wir beschliessen die Flucht

Die letzte Nacht verbrachten wir im Hofe vor der Kommandantur.  Von Corinth her knallten in regelmässigen Abständen Salven.  Wer waren die Opfer?  Aus unserer Mitte wurden die Kranken und Schwachen ausgesondert und weggebracht.  Wir haben sie nie wieder gesehen.  Wenige nur hatten sich krank gemeldet, jeder wollte bei den “Seinen” bleiben.  Ich und Sch., ein Jugendlicher aus Kfar-Jehoschua, und die vier Brüder S. aus Petach-Tikvah beschlossen, zusammenzuhalten und nach Fluchtmöglichkeiten Ausschau zu halten.  Unsere Wasser flaschen sollten immer gefüllt sein und unsere Eiserne Ration, bestehend aus drei Schachteln Biscuit und Kränzen getrockneter Feigen, durfte bis zur Flucht nicht angerührt werden.  Mich quälte es, dass ich keine Chinin-Tabletten mehr hatte, denn jeden Tag konnte sich eine Malaria-Attacke einstellen.  Das griechische Wörterbuch “Anu Nachsuy arzah” hegte ich wie ein Kind.

Bei Morgengrauen brachen wir auf: tausend Mann in Dreier-Reihen.  Wir sangen: “Anu nachasor arzah — libnoth ulebaloth bah” (Wir werden ins Land zurückkehren, es aufzubauen und zu bewohnen).  Unsere Stimmen waren die von Verhungernden, doch sie klangen trotzig, ja mutig.  Die Häuser von Corinth antworteten uns im Widerhall, die Einwohner rissen Fenster und Türen auf, um uns ein “Victory” – Zeichen zuzuwinken.  Wir marschierten wie Sieger, während die Nazi-Wache die Geschäftigkeit nervöser Büffel zeigte und zwangsweise zum Takt unseres Liedes marschieren musste.  So sahen uns die Einwohner von Corinth zum letzten Male.

Ein kleines Automobil flog an uns vorbei.  Es trug in gotischen Buchstaben die Aufschrift: “Deutsches Konsulat, Kalamata.”  Ja, Kalamata war die Stadt, wo wir die britische Flotte vergeblich erwartet hatten — just in der Nacht, da wir palästinensischen Jungens die Deutschen aus dem Ort vertrieben hatten.  Das hatte unser Los besiegelt.  Oft seither träumte ich, dass vor Kalamata drei Panzerschiffe halten, um uns aufzunehmen.

Durch aufgerissene Strassen, an zerstörten Häusern und niedergebrannten Stadtvierteln vorbei, marschieren wir.  Durch Wiesen, Felder und Gärten marschieren wir.  “Nach Deutschland” — denken die meisten, ich und Sch. neben mir jedoch denken: in die Freiheit.  Heute schon oder morgen wollen wir es versuchen.  Unsere Blicke wärmen sich aneinander.  Die anderen merken es uns an.  Einer der vier Brüder S. flüstert mir zu: “Auch wir sind entschlossen.  In Bulgarien oder Rumänien brennen wir durch und schlagen uns von dort nach Russland.”  “Meine besten Wünsche”, antworte ich; ‘‘ich bin sicher, es wird euch gelingen.  Wir aber machen es schon in Griechenland.”

Hakenkreuz über der Akropolis

In Isthmia am Isthmus werden wir verladen: je 50 Mann in einen Viehwagen.  Griechische Frauen sind eifrig bemüht, uns frisches Wasser heranzubringen, unsere Flaschen zu füllen.  Es wird aber nicht gewartet, bis alle versorgt sind, man stösst, quetscht uns in die Wagen.  Die Hälfte kann sitzen, die andere Hälfte muss stehen.  Wie der Zug sich in Bewegung setzt, werden die Türen zugemacht, ein Riegel wird draussen vorgeschoben, doch eine Türspalte bleibt offen, durch die etwas Licht und Luft eindringt.  Diese Spalte muss fur uns breiter werden!

Nahe einer Schule halten war.  Es ist Unterrichtspause.  Die Kinder rufen uns mit hellen Stimmen Grusse zu, auch rufen sie: “Kerenda Mussolini!”  Ja, das griechische Volk ist mit uns, das wird unsern Fluchtplan fördern.  Man lässt uns aussteigen, wir werden in den Hof einer Kaserne gebracht.  Wir merken jetzt: Wir sind in Athen.  Wir sind an der gleichen Stelle, von der wir zum Kampf gegen die Deutschen ausgerückt waren.  Jetzt aber weht von der Akropolis eine riesige Hakenkreuzfahne.

Wir haben seit einer Woche kaum etwas zu essen bekommen.  Jetzt werden jedem Gefangenen ein Stückchen Käse und zwei Biscuits ausgehändigt, das soll für zwei Tage langen.  Wann wird das ständige Hungergefühl, ein Ende haben?

Osterreichisch Artilleristen betreten den Hof, lassen sich mit uns in ein Gespräch ein: “Ja, wir können in Deutschland Fachleute gut gebrauchen”, sagt einer.  “Ich bin Landwirt”, wehre ich ab.  “Auch gut”, fährt er fort.  “Auf meinem Hof arbeiten zwei Franzosen und ein Pole, es wird noch Platz sein für einen Engländer.  Seien Sie froh, für Sie ist der Krieg zu Ende.”

Grüsse für zuhause

Die Kameraden wissen, was ich im Schilde führe.  Sie schleichen sich einzeln zu mir und tragen mir Grüsse für Frau und Kinder auf. D. aus Petach Tickwah händigt mir zwei goldene Manschettenknöpfe ein: “Nutze sie auf deinem Wege auf die beste Art! Sag meiner Freundin, dass ich alles Schwere, was immer es sein mag, ertragen werde, denn ich gebe die Hoffnung nicht auf, sie wieder zu sehen.” Sch. vom Ohel-Theater in Tel-Aviv trägt mir einen Gruss an seine Frau und seinen “Dreikäsehoch” auf.  “Du siehst ein bisschen verrückt aus”, witzelt er.  “Ich habe meinem Mädel versprochen zurückzukommen; ich muss Wort halten”, murmele ich.  “Wir sind verrückt, die wir uns wie Schafe zur Schlachtbank treiben lassen”, gibt er schliesslich zu.

Ein baumlanger Nazi donnert durch den Hof: “Sammeln!  Und ohne jüdische Nervosität!”

Wie viele Juden hast du in deinem Deutschland schon gequält und getötet, du Nazihund! denke ich bei mir.  Von da her kennst du die jüdische Nervosität.  Ich habe sie nicht mehr, mich hat Palästina abgehärtet.  Wenn wir uns einmal Auge in Auge gegenüberstehen werden, du Missgeburt, wirst du es sein, der von Nazi-Nervosität geschüttelt werden wird”.

Der erste Fluchtversuch

Wieder auf dem Bahnhof von Athen.  Je 50 Mann weiden in einen Viehwagen gepresst.  Ich und Sch. nehmen abermals den Platz an der Türspalte ein.  Man überlässt ihn uns gern.  Auf dem ersten und dem letzten Wagen des Zuges sind Maschinengewehre montiert, in jedem zweiten Wagen sitzt auf einer Kiste ein Nazi mit Gewehr und Revolver.  “Wir versuchen es im ersten Tunnel”, flüstere ich Sch. zu.  Während der Zug langsam durch die Vorstädte fährt, säumen die Bewohner, in der Mehrzahl Frauen, Mädchen und Kinder, das Geleise zu beiden Seiten, rufen uns ermutigende Wort zu, machen das Victory-Zeichen.  Die verärgerten Nazis lassen die Maschinengewehre knallen, doch das schreckt die Athener nicht.  Wir strecken unsere Arme durch die Türspalte, rufen und singen, vergessen für eine Weile unsern Hunger.  Zur Strafe wird nun auch die schmale Türspalte geschlossen.  Die Enge ist unerträglich, die Luft zum Ersticken.  Viel später erst wird die Spalte wieder geöffnet, wir fahren an Flugfeldern vorbei; Flugzeuge brennen, Tanks liegen verendet auf den Wegen.  Wege und Brücken sind stark bewacht.  Man traut den Griechen nicht; das aber macht die Ausführung unseres Planes schwerer als wir es uns dachten.  Die Nacht bricht an, es ist starkes Mondlicht.  Das ist gut, denke ich mir; wenn der Mond auf der einen Seite scheint, springen wir auf der anderen Seite ab.  Es ist abgemacht, dass ich als erster abspringe.  Sch. wirft mir das Säckchen zu und springt nach mir.  Verlieren wir uns, stosse ich drei Schakalrufe aus, Sch. antwortet mit dem gleichen Signal.  Sind wir aber zu weit auseinandergekommen, so treffen wir uns am Morgen vor der Kirche des nächsten Dorfes.

(Wird fortgesetzt)

____________________

I Was a Prisoner of War of The Nazis
October 15, 1943

The author of the following diary pages fled as a very young man from Nazi Germany to Palestine and became a member of kvutzah [kibbutz].  When war broke out, he joined the British army as a volunteer, in which he now occupies a high officer’s rank.  During the fighting in Greece he fell into Nazi captivity, from which he was able to free himself after a short time.  The description of this captivity and escape is interesting not only as an individual fate, but it is also indicative of the way Jewish soldiers of the Allied armies coming from Germany are handled when they fall into Nazi captivity.

It was at the end of May, when we arrived – finally! – brought to the headquarters for interrogation.  In the meantime the Gestapo had all the documents brought in, that they had about us former German Jews.  According to international law, we should receive exactly the same treatment as the British prisoners; this law was bypassed in an attempt to prove to us that we were guilty of escaping any misdemeanor in Germany.  One of the prisoners was placed under special arrest because it was listed in the Gestapo files, that the last payment remained on a typewriter purchased when leaving Germany.  This is an example.

My name is called.  I step into the room of the camp commandant and salute.  He returns the salute.  The strict glances of three German officers are directed at me.  Just at that moment, I regain all my confidence: What possibly worse can happen to me, than being shot!  So, you have to talk to Germans.

“Do you have parents in Germany?” asks the Commandant sharply, even threateningly.

“Yes,” I answer calmly.

“You graduated from a German high school?”

“Yes.”

“You know Germany?”

“Certainly.”

“In 1938 the German consul in Haifa asked you to join the army service; how is it that as a volunteer in the British army you fought against Germany?”

“Because Germany is our enemy; I hate my enemy!”

Contrary to expectations, the officer rose from his chair, came up to me and patted me on the shoulder: “Very good!”

I confess: that not only desperate courage but also experience spoke to me.  I already knew, that this question is asked of all of us, and that it is best, to be short and to be true.  Some Jewish soldiers from Palestine had replied, that they had joined the army, because they were unemployed.  Immediately they flew out the door, were treated there with footsteps by the guard and further “promoted”.  The same happened to a Jewish officer, who had joined the army in England.  He had answered the question with “Conscription”.   He flew down all the stairs and had to be carried off the square.  Three of my comrades from Ashdoth-Ya’akov (name of a kvutzah in Palestine, D. Uebers.) S. and D. and R. gave the same answer as me and got off lightly.  So I was not thrown out, but left the commandant’s room with head held high.

Before Transport to the Reich

We were very hungry.  The twelve of us were given a loaf of bread.  Every day, thousands of us were taken away from the camp.   Our brigadier Plenigton sent us the following order, before being transported away:

“Soldiers of the British Army, Australians and New Zealanders!  Your fate has willed it that you are in captivity – for the war period.  The enemy was superior to us in numbers.  You will now see Germany with your own eyes.  Maybe you will like a lot there; but beware of any influence.  There are rumors circulating that on the shores of Corinth our submarines are waiting to pick up fleeing prisoners.  I think that is out of the question.  Our fate is sealed.  Captivity.”

The last thousand to which I belonged, were transported on 9 June [1941].  I had another bad attack of malaria, and the heat was unbearable.  We stood in front of headquarters naked.  We had to hand over our clothes and shoes for disinfection; everyone got a rag, like a large handkerchief, to cover his nakedness.  So we walked through the streets of Corinth to the sea to take a cleaning.  The inhabitants were horrified when they saw this train of naked men, flanked by armed Germans; they stormed into the houses, constantly crossing each other.  But we forgot that we were naked: finally out of the barracks out and allowed to march freely!  We passed that we were guarded, rushed into the vegetable gardens, dug out the turnips and cucumbers with the fingers, and ate them with the garden soil.  Finally to be able to fill your stomach again, no matter what!  Finally, we were beaten up again by the excited guards to a train and taken to the beach.  There we were splashed with carbolic, and the merciless sun roasted our skin.  But when we finally were allowed to swim “freely” in the sea, we forgot all hardship.  We shouted for joy.

On the way back we were tortured again by the thought: imprisonment.  We looked back longingly to the sea, which connects us to the banks of the Land of Israel.  And tomorrow we go to Germany.  The decision was made for me: I will flee.  I promised my girl – back home – I will keep my promise!

We Decide to Escape

The last night we spent in the courtyard in front of headquarters.  From Corinth burst salvos at regular intervals.  Who were the victims?  From our midst the sick and the weak were separated and taken away.  We never saw them again.  Few people had called in sick; everyone wanted to remain with “his”.  I and Sh., a youth from Kfar-Yehoshua, and the four brothers S. from Petach-Tikvah decided to stick together and look for escape opportunities.  Our water bottles should always be filled, and our iron ration, consisting of three boxes of biscuits and wreaths of dried figs, was not to be touched until the flight.  It tormented me, that I did not have any quinine tablets any more, because every day a malaria attack could set in.  The Greek dictionary “Anu Nachsuy arzah” I cherished as a child.

At dawn we started: a thousand men in rows of three.  We sang: “Anu nachasor arzah – libnoth ulebaloth bah.” (We will return to the land to build and inhabit it.)  Our voices were those of starving people, but they sounded defiant, even courageous.  The houses of Corinth responded to us, the inhabitants broke open windows and doors, to wave a “Victory” sign to us.  We marched as victors, while the Nazi guard showed the activity of nervous buffalo and was forced to march to the beat of our song.  So we saw the people of Corinth for the last time.

A small automobile flew past us.  It bore in Gothic letters the inscription: “German Consulate, Kalamata.”  Yes, Kalamata was the city where we had waited in vain for the British fleet – just at night, when we Palestinian boys drove the Germans out of the village.  That had sealed our lot.  Many times since then I dreamed that three battleships are stopping before Kalamata to receive us.

We are marching through torn-up streets, past destroyed houses and burnt-down neighborhoods. Through meadows, fields and gardens we march. “To Germany” – think most, me and Sch. thinking next to me: into freedom.  Today or tomorrow we want to try it.  Our eyes warm each other.  The others notice us.  One of the four S. brothers whispers to me: “We are also determined.  In Bulgaria or Romania, we burn through and beat ourselves from there to Russia.”  “My best wishes,” I reply; ‘‘I am sure you will succeed.  But we already do it in Greece.”

Swastika on the Acropolis

In Isthmia on the isthmus we are loaded: 50 men in each cattle car.  Greek women are eager to bring us fresh water; to fill our bottles.  But it is not waited until all are supplied; you push; squeezes us in the car.  Half can sit; the other half must stand.  As the train begins to move, the doors are closed, a bolt is pushed out, but a door gap remains open through which some light and air penetrate.  This crack must be wider for us!

A school was holding [class] near us.  It is class break.  The children greet us with bright voices, they also shout: “Kerenda Mussolini!”  Yes, the Greek people are with us, that will promote our escape plan.  We are dropped off, we are brought into the yard of a barracks.  We now note: we are in Athens.  We are in the same place from which we were debarked to fight the Germans.  But now blowing from the Acropolis a huge swastika flag.

We have hardly had anything to eat for a week.  Now, each prisoner is given a piece of cheese and two biscuits, which will last for two days.  When will the constant feeling of hunger come to an end?

Austrian artillerymen enter the yard; engage in a conversation with us: “Yes, we can make good use of experts in Germany,” says one.  “I am a farmer”, I refuse.  “Also good,” he continues.  “On my farm there are working two Frenchmen and a Pole, there will still be room for an Englishman.  Be glad, the war is over for you.”

Greetings for Home

The comrades know what I’m up to.  They sneak up to me individually and give me greetings for wife and children.  D. from Peta Tikva handed me two gold cufflinks: “Use them on your way in the best manner!  Tell my girlfriend that I will endure all hardship, whatever it may be, because I will not give up hope to see her again.”  Sch. from the Ohel Theater in Tel-Aviv gives me a greeting to his wife and his “Drei Käse Hoch”.  “You look a bit crazy,” he jokes.  “I promised my girl to come back; I have to keep my word,” I mutter.  “We are crazy, we drive like sheep to the slaughter,” he finally admits.

A skinny Nazi thunders through the yard: “Gather!  And without Jewish nervousness!”

“How many Jews have you already tormented and killed in your Germany, you Nazi dog!”, I think to myself.  From there you know the Jewish nervousness.  I no longer have it; Palestine hardened me.  When we meet face to face, you freak, it will be you who will be shaken by Nazi nervousness.”

The First Escape Attempt

Back at the station of Athens.  50 men pressed in every cattle car.  Sch and I take the place again at the the door crack.  You leave it to us.  Machine guns are mounted on the first and last cars of the train; in every second car sitting on a box a Nazi with rifle and revolver.  “We try in the first tunnel,” I whisper to Sch.  As the train slowly drives through the suburbs, the inhabitants, mostly women, girls and children, line the tracks on both sides, calling encouraging words, making the victory sign.  The angry Nazis crack the machine guns, but that does not scare the Athenians.  We stretch our arms through the crack in the door, shout and sing, forget our hunger for a while.  As a punishment, the narrow doorway is now closed.  The narrowness is unbearable; the air suffocating.  Much later, the crack is opened again; we drive past airfields; burning aircraft; destroyed tanks lying on the roads.  Paths and bridges are heavily guarded.  One does not trust the Greeks; but that makes the execution of our plan harder than we thought it would be.  The night is breaking, it’s strong moonlight.  That’s good, I think; when the moon shines on one side, we jump on the other side.  It’s settled that I’ll jump first.  Sch. throws me the little bag and jumps after me.  If we lose ourselves, I’ll make three jackal calls, Sch. responds with the same signal.  But if we have come too far apart, we meet in the morning in front of the church of the next village.

(To be continued)

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Ich war ein Kriegsgefangener der Nazis
October 22, 1943

In unserem Artikel in der vorigen Nummer wurde berichtet, wie ein in Deutschland geborener Palästinenser, der in der britischen Armee diente, von den Nazis gefangen genommen wird und nach Deutshland abtransportiert werden soll.  Im ersten Artikel beschrieb er das Verhör vor Nazi- Offizieren, die Behandlung der Gefangenen, die Reise im Viehwagen durch Griechenland und seinen ersten missglückten Fluchtversuch.

II.

Einer schaffts

Bei der ersten Weg krümmung strecke ich die Hand heraus, um den Riegel zurückzuschieben und drücke dabei den Körper nach.  Da schiesst man auch schon.  Auf der nächsten Haltestelle betritt eine Wache unsern Wagen.  Wer war es gewesen?  Wir stellen uns alle schlafend; doch als die Wache den Wagen verlässt, setzt es Vorwürfe von allen Seiten: Um der Verrücktheit des Einen willen dürfen licht alle gefährdet werden!  Jetzt dringt Geschrei aus dem benachbarten Wagen.  Dort hat einer Magenkrämpfe.  Seit Athen hat man uns keine Gelegenheit gegeben, unsere Bedürfnisse zu verrichten.  Jetzt schreien auch andere.  Hier eröffnet sich eine Möglichkeit…, denke ich mir.  Endlich wird der Zug zum Halten gebracht, man erlaubt uns, in kleinen Gruppen auszusteigen.  Nein, da ist keine Fluchtmöglichkeit.  Doch ich sollte beschämt werden: Als der Zug sich schon weiter bewegte und die wenigen Gefangenen draussen brutal in die Wagen zurückgestossen wurden, fiel es einem ein, sich eine Zigarette anzuzünden.  Er hielt das Streichholz so, dass es dem Nazi für eine Sekunde die Augen blendete.  Diese Sekunde benützte er, um zu verschwinden.  Wie aber verschwand er?  Plötzlich war er selber wie ein Zündholz erloschen.  Es war uns allen ein Rätsel.  Später einmal traf ich ihn in Corditza, und da erzählte er mir, er sei einfach durch die Räder zwischen die Schienen geschlüpft, habe sich längelang ausgestreckt, bis der ganze Zug über ihn hinweggefahren war.  Ja, so war er: ein geborener Palästinenser, ein “Sabre” (hartes, Palästina eigentümliches Kaktus-Gewächs; Bezeichnung für das unverwüstliche Landeskind).

Als der Zug den ersten Tunnel passierte, machte ich abermals einen Versuch herunterzuspringen; auch diesmal wurde ich bemerkt, Sch. zog mich in den Wagen zurück.  Ich war sehr enttäuscht, denn bald kamen wir in das Flachland hinter Larissa, wo die Möglichkeit zu einer Flucht stark gemindert war.  Müdigkeit übermannte mich nach all der Anspannung.  Die meisten Insassen waren krank nach der ganztägigen Fahrt im überfüllten Viehwagen.  An der Haltestelle Gradia stiegen wir aus: Wir durften marschieren.  Wie das gut tat!  Doch, ach, wie weh das tat, als wir viele, viele Stunden lang auf steinigen Wegen über das Massiv der Termopylen marschieren mussten.  Eine wundervolle Landschaft!  Auf jenem hohen Pass, den wir bald betreten werden, hat, 480 Jahre v. Chr. Leonidas mit dreihundert Spartanern Xerxes.  Riesenheer aufgehalten.  Man kann nur mit schmerzenden Augen in die Landschaft sehen, nur mit schmerzendem Kopf an ihre grosse Geschichte denken.  Hätte man uns Palästinenser an dieser Stelle eingesetzt, wir hätten wie Leonidas gekämpft; jetzt führt man uns, stösst man uns mit Gewehrkolben durch den Termopylenpass in die Gefangenschaft nach Deutschland.  Ja, man stösst uns; denn die Nazi- Wachmannschaft fühlt sich in dieser Einsamkeit, fern von einer Militärbasis, nicht ganz wohl.  Rennen müssen wir, schnell, schnell!

Vor dem ersten Dorf jenseits des Passes kommen uns die Bauern entgegen und helfen uns die Packe tragen.  Manche von uns haben nichts mehr von ihren Sachen, sie hatten in ihrer Müdigkeit alles auf dem Wege von sich geworfen.  Wir dürfen rasten.  Wenn wir uns hinlegen, zittern unsere Knie.  Wir sind auf einer Bergspitze.  Eine deutsche Aufschrift am Wege lautet: “Vorsicht!  18 Kilometer bergab.”

Zweiter Fluchtversuch

Ich gebrauche die Ausrede, dass ich ein Bedürfnis verrichten will, gehe seitwärts und beschliesse, den abschüssigen Hang hinunterzurollen.  Sch. schleicht mir nach, will das gleiche tun.  Schon aber steht ein deutscher Soldat an meiner Seite.  Ich flüstere Sch. zu: “Ich versuche es bei der nächsten Krümmung des Weges, du hinter mir.  Die erste Wache wird uns nicht mehr, die zweite noch nicht sehen.”

Wie gesagt, so getan.  Ich springe, verschwinde in einem Graben; Sch. und einige andere folgten meinem Beispiel.  Diese anderen verdarben uns den Brei.  Denn durch sie, die spontan und ohne Ueberlegung und Vorsicht handelten, wurde die Aufmerksamkeit der Wache auf uns gelenkt.  Ein Soldat schrie: “Herr Leutnant, es ist was passiert!’’  Der Leutnant und einige seiner Leute umzingelten mit gestreckter Waffe den Graben; bis aber die Aktion durchgeführt werden konnte, hatten die meisten von uns Zeit in die Reihen zurück zuschleichen.  Die Nazis schössen in den Graben hinein, brachten einige Flüchtlinge mit Kolbenstössen zuruck.  Zwei fehlten.  Waren sie von den Kugeln getroffen worden?

Jetzt ist die Stimmimg unter den Kameraden einheitlich gegen uns.  Man hetzt gegen uns, doch man verrät uns nicht der untersuchenden Wachmannschaft.  Sch. flüstert mir zu, ich dürfe nicht mehr auf ihn rechnen, er sei mit seinen Nerven zu Ende.  Schliesslich wolle er noch einmal sein Mädchen wiedersehen.  Dann mache ich’s allein, erwiderte ich ihm; auch ich will meine Geliebte wiedersehen.

Wir marschieren, marschieren; es ist keine Kraft mehr in uns, automatisch tun die Beine ihren Dienst.  Auch die Wachmannschaft ist vollkommen erschöpft.  Wir haben die Thermopylen bereits hinter uns und bewegen uns auf Lamia zu.  Auf dem Bahnhof angelangt, sinken wir wie leere Säcke zu Boden.  Doch nein, auf müssen wir und schnell in die Wagen hinein je 50 in einen Viehwagen.  Wir bilden alle einen einzigen verworrenen Knäuel.  Ich habe mir meinen Platz an der Türspalte zu wahren gewusst.

Frei!

Jetzt fahren wir über eine Brücke.  Ist das Wasser tief genug?  Kann man springen? — geht es mir durch den Kopf.  Ich warte nicht, bis ich mir selbst eine Antwort gegeben habe.  Riegel weg, Tür auf und an das Geländer gesprungen!  Die ersten Schüsse knallen.  Ich schwinge mich über das Geländer und springe.  Ja, das Wasser war tief genug.  Ich bleibe unter der Fläche, solange mein Atem es verträgt, dann tauche ich auf: der Zug ist über die Brücke hinweg und fährt in seinem normalen Tempo weiter.  Wahrscheinlich hat man mich nicht wieder auftauchen gesehen.  Ich bin ein freier Mann!

Ich schwimme zum Ufer zurück, strecke mich hin und trockne in der Sonne.  Ich sollte eigentlich ein Versteck suchen, doch ich bin zu müde dazu.  Ich liege zwischen hohen Weiden, ich entwerfe einen Plan für weitere Handlungen.  Ich bin jetzt meine eigene Armee und mein eigener Kommandant.  Ich unterstehe keinem Gesetz ausser dem meines Gewissens; ich werde stehlen, wenn nötig rauben, um mich in der Freiheit zu behaupten.  Mir ist gut.  Nur tut mir Sch. leid.  Er ist ein feiner Kerl.

Ich hole meine Eiserne Ration hervor; es ist alles durchnässt, die Feigen schmecken trotzdem gut.  Die Nacht ist angebrochen, Schlaf will mich übermannen, ich kämpfe mit allen Kräften dagegen.  Die Nacht ist die Wanderzeit für den Flüchtling.  Bis zum Morgen muss ich aus der Zone von Lamia heraus sein.  Ich wandere zurück zu den Thermopylen — quer durch Weingärten und Felder und längs enger Stege.  Alles kann Gefahr bedeuten, jeden darfst du verdächtigen, sage ich mir.  Irgendwo werde ich eindringen und mir zivile Kleider verschaffen, in meiner britischen Uniform darf ich nicht mehr gesehen werden.  Nach mehreren Stunden Wanderung falle ich entkräftet hin.  Mosquitos peinigen mich, doch ich habe nicht die Kraft, sie abzuwehren.  Ich sinke in Schlaf.

(Schluss folgt)

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I Was a Prisoner of War of The Nazis
October 22, 1943

In our article in the previous issue, it was reported how a German-born Palestinian serving in the British Army was captured by the Nazis and was to be transported to Germany.  In the first article he described the interrogation before Nazi officers, the treatment of prisoners, the journey in the cattle car through Greece and his first unsuccessful escape attempt.

II.

One [Escape Attempt] Is Made

At the curve of the route, I stretch my hand out to push back the latch, while pushing the body forward.  [There are already shots.]  At the next stop, a guard enters our car.  Who was it?  We all go to sleep; but when the guard leaves the car, reproaches from all sides: For the sake of the madness of one, all will be endangered!  Now shouting comes from the neighboring car.  There are stomach cramps.  Since Athens we have been given no opportunity to meet our needs.  Now others are screaming too.  This opens up a possibility…, I think.  Finally the train is stopped, we are allowed to get off in small groups.  No, there is no escape.  But I should be ashamed: As the train moved on and the few prisoners outside were brutally pushed back into the cars, it occurred to one to light a cigarette.  He held the match in such a way that it blinded the Nazi for a second.  He used that second to disappear.  But how did he disappear?  Suddenly he was extinguished like a match.  It was a mystery to all of us.  Later, I met him in Corditza, and he told me that he had simply slipped through the wheels between the rails, stretching himself out for a long time, until the whole train had passed over him.  Yes, that’s how he was: a born Palestinian, a “Sabra” (a tough, peculiar Palestinian cactus plant; a nickname for the indestructible child of the land).

As the train passed the first tunnel, I made another attempt to jump off; I was also noticed this time, Sch. pulled me back in the car.  I was very disappointed, because soon we came to the plain behind Larissa, where the possibility of an escape was greatly reduced.  Fatigue overwhelmed me after all the tension.  Most of the inmates were ill after the full day’s journey in the crowded cattle car.  At the Gradia station we got out: we were allowed to march.  How that did good!  But, alas, how much it hurt when we had to walk for many, many hours on rocky paths over the massif of Thermopylae.  A wonderful landscape!  On that high pass, which we will soon enter, 480 years before Christ Leonidas stopped Xerxes’ giant army with three hundred Spartans.  One can only look with aching eyes into the landscape, only think of their great story with an aching head.  If Palestinians had been used here, we would have fought like Leonidas; now they lead us, they push us with rifle butts through the pass of pass of Thermopylae into German captivity.  Yes, they push us; because the Nazi guards do not feel well in this solitude, far from a military base.  We have to race, fast, fast!

In front of the first village on the other side of the pass, the farmers meet us and help us carry packs.  Some of us have nothing left of their belongings; they had thrown everything off in their fatigue.  We are allowed to rest.  When we lie down, our knees are shaking.  We are on a mountaintop.  A German inscription on the way reads: “Caution! 18 kilometers downhill.”

Second Escape Attempt

I use the excuse that I want to do something; go sideways and decide, to roll down the steep slope.  Sch. sneaking after me, wants to do the same.  But a German soldier already stands by my side.  I whisper to Sch.: “I will try at the next bend of the path, you behind me.  The first guard will not be with us any more, the second will not yet see us.”

As I said, so is done.  I jump; disappear in a ditch; Sch. and some others followed my example.  These others spoiled the porridge.  Because by those, who acted spontaneously and without thought and caution, the attention of the guard was directed to us.  A soldier shouted, “Lieutenant, something has happened!”  The lieutenant and some of his men surrounded the ditch with their weapons outstretched, but until the action could be carried out, most of us had time to sneak back into the ranks.  The Nazis shot into the ditch, bringing back some fugitives with piston-like thrusts.  Two were missing.  Were they struck by the bullets?

Now the voice among the comrades is uniformly against us.  One agitates against us, but we are not betrayed to the investigating guards.  Sch. whispered to me, I should not count on him anymore; he was over his nerves.  He wanted to finally to see his girl again.  Then I’ll do it alone, I told him; I too want to see my beloved again.

We march, march; there is no power left in us, the legs automatically do their job.  The guards are also completely exhausted.  We already have Thermopylae behind us and are moving towards Lamia.  Arriving at the station, we sink to the ground like empty sacks.  But no, we have to quickly get into the cars, 50 in each cattle car.  We all form a single tangled ball.  I’ve been able to save my place at the door crack.

Free!

Now we drive over a bridge.  Is the water deep enough?  Can you jump? – it goes through my head.  I will not wait until I have given myself an answer.  The latch is off; open the door and jump to the railing!  The first shots crack.  I swing myself over the railing and jump.  Yes, the water was deep enough.  I stay under the surface as long as my breath can withstand it, then I emerge: the train is across the bridge and continues at its normal pace.  I guess they did not see me resurface.  I am a free man!

I swim back to the shore, stretch myself and dry in the sun.  I should be looking for a hiding place, but I’m too tired.  I lie between high pastures; I design a plan for further action.  I am now my own army and my own commander.  I am not subject to any law except that of my conscience; I will steal, rob if necessary, to maintain myself in freedom.  I am good.  Now my Sch. Is suffering.  He is a fine fellow.

I bring out my Iron Ration; everything is soaked, but the figs taste good anyway.  The night has come, sleep wants to overwhelm me, I fight against it with all my strength.  The night is the walking time for the fugitive.  I have to be out of the zone of Lamia by morning.  I walk back to Thermopylae – across vineyards and fields and along narrow walkways.  Everything can be dangerous, you can suspect anyone, I tell myself.  I will enter somewhere and get civilian clothes; I can not be seen anymore in my British uniform.  After several hours of hiking, I fall over exhausted.  Mosquitoes torment me, but I do not have the strength to fight them off.  I sink into sleep.

(Conclusion follows)

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Ich war ein Kriegsgefangener der Nazis
(Schluss)

Der Morgen danach
October 29, 1943

Das Geräusch eines Motors weckt mich am Morgen.  Das Klopfen eines Motors, der mit Ersatzmaterialien angetrieben wird.  Ein deutscher Motor also.  Und ich trage noch meine englische Uniform!  Ich verkrieche mich, und obwohl ich am Verdursten bin, rühre ich mich nicht von der Stelle.  Wieder sinke ich in Schlaf.  Der Hall von Axtschlägen weckt mich.  Ich richte mich auf, der Holzfäller erblickt mich, kommt unschlüssig auf mich zu.  ‘‘Ich bin ein britischer Soldat, aus der Gefangenschaft entflohen”, sage ich in meinem Wörterbuch – Griechisch.  Er hat mich verstanden, drückt mir fest die Hand, küsst mich.  Er überlässt mir seinen Krug Wasser, etwas Wein und Brot; gibt mir zu verstehen, dass ich den Tag über hier bleiben müsse.  Am Abend werde er kommen und mich holen.

Er kam mit seinem Esel.  “Andaki”, flüstert er mir zu.  Das heisst: “alles in Ordnung.”  Er stülpt mir einen Riesen hut auf und wirft einen Shawl über meine Schulter, um die Uniform zu verdecken.  Er geht voraus, ich in Sehweite hinter ihm.  Wir machen einen Umweg durch das Dorf, gelangen durch Gärten und Hecken zu seinem Haus.  Ein kleines Mädchen fasst meine Hand, ich spüre, wie ihr Herzchen in freudiger Erregung pocht.  Es bringt mich ins Haus: Mutter und Kinder, sowie andere Familienmitglieder begrüssen mich herzlich.  Er ist dunkel, der ganze grosse Raum wird von dem Lichtlein am Hausaltar schwach erhellt.  Die Holzfällerfrau bringt einen alten schweien Stuhl heran, ladet mich zum Sitzen ein, und alle kauern auf der Diele um mich herum.  Ein Mädchen zieht mir die Schuhe ab, wäscht und trocknet mir die Füsse.  Ich bin verlegen, doch lasse ich es geschehen.  Mir fällt ein: das war Tradition im alten Griechenland.  Soll sich seither hier nichts geändert haben?

“Lechajim”

Der Bauer-Holzfäller tritt ein: freudig und stolz, dass ich mich in seinem Hause befinde.  Er bringt Kuchen und Wein.  Wir trinken.  Mir fällt das nötige griechische Wort nicht ein, ich sage das hebräische “Lechajim” (Trinkgruss: “zum Leben”).  Sie sprechen mir das Wort schlecht und recht nach, in der Meinung wohl, es sei der englische Trinkgruss.  Die Bäuerin bringt Brot und warme Suppe.  Obwohl die Suppe nur massig warm ist, brennt sie mir im Magen, der so lange schon nichts Warmes gespürt hat.  Der Bauer schneidet das Brot, teilt jedem sein Stück zu: mir zuerst, dann der Bäuerin, dann den übrigen Familienmitgliedern.  Nach dem Essen bringt er ein paar abgetragene Hosen und einen Rucksack.  Er weist mir ein Holzgestell zum Schlafen an und verspricht mir, mich vor Morgengrauen zu wecken.

Als er mich weckt, springe ich erfrischt auf.  Ich bin trunken vor Freude: ich bin ein freier Mann, habe Zivilkleider an, mich werden “sie” nicht kriegen.  Die Bäuerin segnet mich, wünscht mir Schutz vor dem Antichrist, dem “Germanus”.  Ich verneige mich tief und schreite los.

Ich schreite durch fruchtbares Gebirgsland.  Bächlein rieseln.  Alle 500 Schritte fülle ich meine Flasche neu.  Ich bin wassertrunken, ich spiele mit Wasser.  Ich erinnere mich, wie wir britische Soldaten in der lybischen Wüste nach Wasser vergebens lechzten.  Ich esse von dem Brot und dem Käse, die mir von der Holz fäller-Familie als Wegzehrung mitgegeben worden waren.  Ich brauche mir nicht mehr den Bissen von.  Munde zu sparen.  Arbeten werde ich — als Viehjunge oder un Stall, ich hab’s ja in Palastina gelernt – bis ich mich wieder zur Armee durchschlagen kann.

In Sicherheit

Durch Weingärten geht es.  In einem sehe ich einen zerschmette_ten Junkers, einige Grabkreuze daneben: deutsche Namen und der Zusatz: “Gefallen für Grossdeutschland.”  Mit “Deutschland erwache, Juda verrecke” hat es begonnen und mit “Gefallen” endet es.

Ich nähere mich einem Dorf.  Dort sind Deutsche.  Ich sehe Spuren von Autorädern, höre Hupen und Klingeln.  Ich schlage einen aufwärts führenden Steg ein, verstecke mich nahe einem Brunnen mit Heiligenbild.  Gegen meinen Willen schlafe ich ein.  Als ich aufwache, kniet eine Frau vor dem Altar.  Ich frage sie: “T’unoma hurian?” (Wie heisst das Dorf?)  “Germanus messo?”  (Sind Deutsche hier?)  Sie erwidert mit einer Frage: “Ssiss stratiatus?” (Bist du Soldat?)

Als ich ihr sage, ich sei ein aus der Gefangenschaft entflohener britischer Soldat, eilt sie auf mich zu, drückt mir die Hände, weint, erzählt, ihr Mann und ihr Sohn seien in Albanien gefallen.  Sie geht, kommt nach kurzer Zeit mit einem Esel zurück, gibt mir zu essen.  Dann lässt sie mich aufsitzen und schreitet neben mir her.  Aufwärts geht es.  Sie lehnt entschieden ab, aufzusitzen und mich den Esel antreiben zu lassen.  Sie bedeutet mir, ich brauche die Kraft gegen diesen verfluchten “Italius”.  Ich blicke ins Dorf hinunter: im Zentrum flattert die Nazi-Fahne.  Diesen Weg zurück werde ich nicht gehen – steht bei mir fest.

Immer aufwärts geht es durch Gärten und Tabakfelder.  Plötzlich bietet sich ein schönes Bergdorf zwischen Obst- und Weingärten meinen Blicken dar.  Die Frau weist auf eine Bergspitze, auf der ein Kloster — “Monastir” sagt sie — steht.  Ich steige ab, atme froh die dünne Bergluft ein.

Einige Minuten später betreten meine Füsse den Boden des Bergdorfes “Ypati”.  Gesegnet sei es.

F. J-n.

____________________

I Was a Prisoner of War of The Nazis
(Conclusion)

October 29, 1943

The sound of an engine wakes me in the morning.  The knocking of a motor, powered by substitute materials.  So, a German engine.  And I still wear my English uniform!  I crawl, and although I’m dying of thirst, I do not move.  Again I fall asleep.  The echo of an ax-strike awakens me.  I sit up, the wood cutter sees me, comes hesitantly toward me.  ‘‘I am a British soldier, escaped from captivity,” I say in my dictionary – Greek.  He has understood me, presses my hand firmly, kisses me.  He leaves me his jug of water, some wine and bread; gives me to understand that I have to stay here all day.  In the evening he will come and get me.

He came with his donkey.  “Andaki,” he whispers to me.  That means “all right.”  He puts on a giant hat and throws a shawl over my shoulder to cover the uniform.  He goes ahead, I in sight behind him.  We make a detour through the village, passing through gardens and hedges to his house.  A little girl holds my hand; I feel her heart beating in joyful excitement.  He brings me into the house: Mother and children, as well as other family members greet me warmly.  It is dark, the whole big room is dimly lit by the little light at the family altar.  The wood cutter’s wife pulls up an old sweaty chair, invites me to sit, and everyone in the hallway is huddled around me.  A girl takes off my shoes; washes and dries my feet.  I am embarrassed, but I let it happen.  I remember: that was a tradition in ancient Greece.  Should anything not have changed here since then?

“Lechaim”

The farmer-wood cutter enters: happy and proud that I am in his house.  He brings cake and wine.  We drink.  I do not remember the necessary Greek word; I say the Hebrew “Lechaim” (drinking greeting: “to life”).  The word is spoken to me badly and right after, in the sentiment probably, it is the English drinking greeting.  The farmer’s wife brings bread and warm soup.  Although the soup is just moderately warm, it burns in my stomach, which has not felt anything warm for so long.  The farmer cuts the bread, distributing to each his piece: me first, then the farmer’s wife, then the other family members.  After dinner, he brings a pair of worn pants and a backpack.  He instructs me to sleep on a wooden frame and promises to wake me up before dawn.

When he wakes me, I jump up refreshed.  I am drunk with joy: I am a free man, have on civilian clothes, “they” will not get me.  The farmer’s wife blesses me, wishing me protection from the Antichrist, the “Germanus”.  I bow deeply and start walking.

I walk through fertile mountain land.  Trickling brooks.  Every 500 steps, I refill my bottle.  I drink water; I’m drunk on water.  I remember how, as thirsting British soldiers we craved in vain for water in the Libyan desert.  I eat the bread and cheese that I got from the wood cutter’s family as a treat for the way.  I do not need the bite of it.  To save money.  I will work – as a cattle boy or in a stable; I learned it in Palestine – until I can make my way back to the army.

In Safety

I go through vineyards.  In one I see a smashed Junkers, some grave crosses next to it: German names and the addition: “Fallen for Grossdeutschland.”  It started with “Germany awake, Judah perish” and ends with “Fallen”.

I’m approaching a village.  There are Germans.  I see traces of car wheels, hear horns and ringing.  I strike an up-leading footbridge, hide myself near a fountain with a holy image.  Against my will I fall asleep.  When I wake up, a woman kneels before the altar.  I ask her: “T’unoma hurian?”  (What’s the name of the village?)  “Germanus messo?”  (Are Germans here?)  She replies with a question: “Ssiss stratiatus?”  (Are you a soldier?)

When I tell her that I am a British soldier escaped from imprisonment, she rushes towards me, shaking my hands, crying, telling me that her husband and son have died in Albania.  She leaves, comes back after a short time with a donkey, gives me food.  Then she lets me sit up and walks next to me.  It goes uphill.  She resolutely refuses to sit, and let me drive the donkey.  It means to me, I need the strength against this accursed “Italius”.  I look down into the village: in the center the Nazi flag flutters.  I will not go back this way – I am sure.

It always goes uphill through gardens and tobacco fields.  Suddenly, my view of a beautiful mountain village between orchards and vineyards.  The woman points to a mountain top on which is a monastery – “Monastir” she says – stands.  I climb off, breathe in the thin mountain air.

A few minutes later my feet enter the bottom of the mountain village “Ypati”.  Blessed be it.

F. J-n.

________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

________________________________________

References

“Gelber 1984” – Gelber, Yoav, Jewish Palestinian Volunteering in the British Army During the Second World War – Volume IV – Jewish Volunteers in British Forces, World War II, Yav Izhak Ben-Zvi Publications, Jerusalem, Israel, 1984

Gelber, Yoav, Palestinian POWs in German Captivity, Yad Vashem Studies, Jerusalem Israel, 1981, Volume XIV, pp. 89-137

“We Will Remember Them I” – Morris, Henry, Edited by Gerald Smith, We Will Remember Them – A Record of the Jews Who Died in the Armed Forces of the Crown 1939 – 1945, Brassey’s, London, England, 1989

“We Will Remember Them II” – Morris, Henry, Edited by Hilary Halter, We Will Remember Them – A Record of the Jews Who Died in the Armed Forces of the Crown 1939 – 1945 – An Addendum, AJEX, London, England, 1994

Prisoners of War – Armies and Other Land Forces of The British Empire, 1939-1945 (“All Lists Corrected Generally Up to 30th March 1945″), J.B. Hayward & Son, in Association with The Imperial War Museum Department of Printed Books, Polstead, Suffolk, England, 1990 (First published in 1945 by His Majesty’s Stationary Office)

The Reconstruction of Memory: Soldiers of Aufbau – Jewish Prisoners of War

[I’ve got lots of “stuff” in the pipeline, both here at TheyWereSoldiers, and at my other blogs, WordsEnvisioned and ThePastPresented In the meantime, here’s a “quick” little post…]

Between 1941 and 1945, the German exile newspaper Aufbau – “Reconstruction” – published ten news items about the experiences of Jewish prisoners of war.  Though the topic of Jewish POWs in German captivity is – probably? – more commonly perceived in terms of the appalling fate of Jewish members of the Soviet armed forces captured on the Eastern Front, aviators of the United States Army Air Force (specifically, the 8th, 9th, 12th, and 15th Air Forces) captured throughout the war, or, soldiers of the United States Army ground forces captured during the Ardennes Offensive, another aspect of this topic is, I think, the subject of far less public awareness:  Over 1,300 Jewish soldiers, most from the Yishuv – primarily men serving in Port Companies of the British Commonwealth armed forces – were captured during the fall of Greece at the end of April, 1941.  Most of these men were interned at Stalag VIII-B (later renumbered Stalag 344) at Lamsdorf, in Silesia, or Stalag 383, at Hohenfels, Bavaria. 

Among Aufbau’s articles about Jewish POWs, six are notable for their focus on soldiers from the Yishuv.  While several of these men attempted to evade capture or escape from German captivity, to the best of my knowledge only a mere handful of these men definitely returned to Allied control.  One such soldier, born in Germany and later residing in Haifa, was a member of Kibbutz “Ashdoth-Ya’akov” (Ashdot Ya’akov) in northern Israel.  His experience was the subject of a three-part series of articles in Aufbau, entitled “Ich war ein Kriegsgefangener der Nazis” – “I Was a Prisoner of the Nazis,” which was published in October of 1943, while his name appeared in a very (very!) brief news item in the Palestine Post.

The topic of the fate of Jewish prisoners of war in German custody was also a focus of the news coverage in the The Jewish Chronicle, and especially, the South African Jewish Times, the latter given that approximately 300 South African Jewish soldiers were captured during the fall of Tobruk on June 21, 1942. 

An Aufbau article of a very different nature was Sergeant Walter Bonne’s “In Deutschland kriegsgefangen – Die Erlebnisse des Sgt. Bonne” – “Prisoners of war in Germany – The experiences of Sgt. Bonne”, which recounts in straightforward fashion German-born Sergeant Bonne’s capture during the Ardennes Offensive, and, his liberation a few months later.    

You’ll be able to read the full text of these above-mentioned articles – in the original German, with Googlific English translations – in the future.  In the meantime, here’s a list of Aufbau’s articles pertaining to Jewish POWs:

Date Article Title
10/17/41 Jüdische Kriegsgefangene in Griechenland  (“Jewish war prisoners in Greece”)
12/18/42 1200 jüdische-palästinensische Kriegsgefangene in Deutschland  (“1200 Jewish-Palestinian war prisoners in Germany”)
10/15/43 Ich war ein Kriegsgefangener der Nazis  (“I was a Prisoner of War of the Nazis”)
10/22/43 Ich war ein Kriegsgefangener der Nazis  (“I was a Prisoner of War of the Nazis”)
10/29/43 Ich war ein Kriegsgefangener der Nazis  (“I was a Prisoner of War of the Nazis”)
2/4/44 Jüdische Soldaten in deutscher Kriegsgefangenenschaft – Das Rote Kreuz wacht – Solidarität der englischen Kameraden  (“Jewish soldiers in a German war prison – The Red Cross watches – solidarity of English comrades”)
2/4/44 Erste Mordanklage gegen französische KZ-Offiziere  (“First murder case against French concentration camp officers”)
5/18/45 In Deutschland kriegsgefangen – Die Erlebnisse des Sgt. Bonne  (“Prisoners of war in Germany – The experiences of Sgt. Bonne”)
5/25/45 Buchenwald und Auschwitz (S/Sgt. Fred Levy)  (“Buchenwald and Auschwitz”)
5/25/45 Amerikanische Kriegsgefangene erobern ein deutsches Dorf (PFC Herbert Frank)  (“American war prisoners conquer a German village”)

Soldiers from New York: Jewish Soldiers in The New York Times, in World War Two: A Soldier from Germany – PFC Harry Kaufman (April 17, 1945)

Among the ninety-odd obituaries for Jewish servicemen published in The New York Times during the Second World War, were three for Jewish soldiers born in Germany.  Whether these servicemen were selected for news coverage specifically because of that ancestry – or – this number by chance approximated the relative proportion of German-born Jews in the American armed forces – or – whether the Times’ reporting about these men was influenced by other publications, such as Aufbau – or? – whether this was attributable to social connections with the families of these soldiers on the part of the Times’ staff (which was evidently the case for Army Air Force Captain William Hays Davidow) is unknown.  

In any event, thus far in this project I’ve presented the story of T/4 Alexander H. Hersh, who was killed in action in the European Theater on January 21, 1945. 

In the future, I hope to present information about Berlin-born 2 Lt. Alfred Kupferschmidt, who, as a member of the 116th Reconnaissance Squadron, 101st Cavalry Group, was killed by artillery fire on February 25, 1945, and reported upon in the Times the following May 6.  Like many of the soldiers profiled in this series of posts, Kupferschmidt’s name never appeared in American Jews in World War II

But, until then, here’s a “third” German-born Jewish soldier:  Private First Class Harry Kaufman, 32817804.  Born in Bielefeld in 1925, he was the son of Sally and Elsie Kaufman, his family residing at 3593 Bainbridge Avenue in the Bronx.  A member of the 254th Infantry Regiment of the 63rd Infantry Division, his name appeared in a Casualty List published on May 10, 1945.  He was the subject of (brief) news stories in the Times on May 23, the Daily News on May 17, and Aufbau on May 4.  His name appears on page 359 of American Jews in World War II.  A recipient of the Purple Heart, he is buried at the Lorraine American Cemetery at Saint Avold France, in Grave 32 Row 16, Plot D.  

Here is his very brief obituary, as it appeared in the Times:

Refugee in U.S. in 1936 Is Casualty in Germany

Pfc. Harry Kaufman was killed in action in Germany on April 17, according to word received by his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Sol Kaufman, of 3593 Bainbridge Avenue, the Bronx.

He came to this country in 1936 from Germany with his parents and tried to enlist in the armed forces in 1942, but was not accepted.  He was a student at the Bronx High School of Science when drafted in February, 1943.

Private Kaufman was injured while a paratrooper.  He later was transferred to the infantry. 

Here’s Private Kaufman’s portrait, as published in the Times.  

Here’s the first page of Aufbau’s May 4 issue.  The headlines are self-explanatory even if one doesn’t know German!

And, here’s the paper’s last page, on which appeared information about military awards, military accomplishments, and inevitably, casualties.  The practice of publishing such news items specifically on te final page of every issue page was established in the newspaper as early as 1944.  In this instance, the news article about Harry Kaufman appears in the upper left corner.  

Once again, Harry Kaufman’s portrait.  This is the same image which appeared in the Times, albeit the latter published only a cropped version of the photo.  Here, Harry’s glider infantry shoulder patch is visible on his left shoulder, indicating that this picture was taken before his assignment to the 63rd Infantry Division.  

Here’s a better view of the shoulder insignia of the glider infantry…  

…and here’s the shoulder patch – an original from WW II – of the United States Army’s 63rd Infantry Division.

A transcript and translation of Aufbau’s very brief news item about Harry Kaufman’s death in battle….

Für die Freiheit gefallen
Pfc. Harry Kaufman

ist am 18. April in Alter von 20 Jahren “irgendwo in Deutschland” gefallen.  Er wurde in Bielefeld geboren und kam 1936 mit seinen Eltern nach New York.  Ende Februar 1943 wurde er in die Armee eingezogen und im November 1944 nach Uebersee geschickt.  Er gehörte der 7th Army an.

Fallen for Freedom
Pfc. Harry Kaufman

fell “somewhere in Germany” on April 18th at the age of 20.  He was born in Bielefeld and came to New York with his parents in 1936.  At the end of February 1943 he was drafted into the army and sent overseas in November 1944.  He was a member of the 7th Army.

__________

This Oogle map of the New York metropolitan area shows the location of the Kaufman family’s residence at 3593 Bainbridge Avenue in the Bronx…

…and, here’s a larger scale Oogle map of the same area.  

__________

Harry Kaufman’s matzeva at the Lorraine American Cemetery, photographed by FindAGrave researcher Thomas Welsch.

Some other Jewish military casualties on Tuesday, April 17, 1945 (Yom Shishi, 5 Iyar, 5705) include…

– .ת. נ. צ. ב. ה –

תהא
נפשו
צרורה
בצרור
החיים

United States Army (Ground Forces)

Butler, Manfred, PFC, 42136245, BSM, Purple Heart (Italy)
10th Mountain Division, 87th Mountain Infantry Regiment
Born in Germany, in 1926
Mrs. Natalie J. Butler (mother), 863 Hunts Point Ave., New York, N.Y.
Florence American Cemetery, Via Cassia, Italy – Plot F, Row 14, Grave 25
Aufbau 11/9/45
American Jews in World War II – Not listed

Cohn, Irving, PFC, 32272686, BSM, Purple Heart (at Ie Shima, Okinawa)
77th Infantry Division, 307th Infantry Regiment, I Company
Born 5/22/10
Mrs. Mary Cohn (mother), Evelyn (sister), 825 Gerard Ave., Bronx, N.Y.
Mount Hebron Cemetery, Corona, N.Y.
American Jews in World War II – 293

Goltman, David Monroe, PFC, 42126851, Purple Heart
97th Infantry Division, 303rd Infantry Regiment
Born Brooklyn, N.Y, 1/24/26
Mr. and Mrs. Charles and Jeanette Goltman (parents), 1675 54th St., Brooklyn, N.Y.

Cemetery location unknown – buried 1/7/49
Casualty Lists 5/9/45, 6/8/45
The New York Times (Obituary Section) 1/6/49
American Jews in World War II – 329

Hayek, Teddy K., PFC, 32681062, Purple Heart
30th Infantry Division, 117th Infantry Regiment, Medical Corps
Mr. Albert K. Hayek (brother), 239 West 103rd St., New York, N.Y.
(also) 4 W. 109th St., New York, N.Y.
Long Island National Cemetery, Farmingdale, N.Y. – Section H, Grave 9586
Casualty Lists 5/14/45, 5/28/45
American Jews in World War II – 342

____________________

Kiel, David (David Bar Yosef), PFC, 32863120, Purple Heart, 1 Oak Leaf Cluster
34th Infantry Division, 168th Infantry Regiment, K Company (Signal Corps)
Wounded previously, approximately on 1/15/44 and 7/9/44
Mr. Joseph Kiel (father), PFC Bernard Kiel, and, Hyman Kiel (brothers), 37-07 61st St., Woodside, N.Y.
Born New York, N.Y., 9/18/24
Mount Hebron Cemetery, Flushing, N.Y. – Society T.D. Young Men, Block 50, Reference 2, Section A-C, Line 7, Grave 39
Casualty Lists 2/15/44, 9/9/44, 5/12/45
Long Island Star Journal 6/13/45
American Jews in World War II – 361

A pensive mood: Private Kiel’s portrait, as it appeared in the Long Island Star Journal on June 13, 1945…  

…which accompanied the following news item:

Killed in Italy

Private First Class David Kiel was killed in Italy, his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Kiel of 37-07 61st St., Woodside, have been informed by the War Department.  He was extending a communications line to a forward position when he was fatally wounded by bomb fragments, his father and mother were told.  He has been buried in Italy.  His brother, Bernard, is a private first class in the Army in New Guinea.  Another brother is a seaman, 2/C, at the Sampson Naval Training Center.

__________

David’s matzeva at Mount Hebron Cemetery, photographed by FindAGrave researcher Ronzoni.

PFC David Kiel’s story continued, at least indirectly, at least for a time, at least (and at most) for a few years beyond 1945:  In 1949, Jewish War Veterans Post named in his memory was established in Woodside.  The following three news articles, from the (good ‘ole!) Daily News, and, Long Island Star Journal, report on this event:

JWV to Install
Daily News (New York)
March 13, 1949

Joseph Newman, commander, heads a staff of officers to be installed tonight by the David Kiel Jewish War Veterans Post of Woodside.  The installation will be held in Paprin’s restaurant, 60-21 Roosevelt Ave., Woodside, Queens.

__________

Long Island Star Journal
March 1, 1949

Organizing New Jewish War Veterans Post in Woodside

Four Woodsiders go over plans for the David Kiel Jewish Veterans Post of Woodside institution ceremony, to be held March 13 in Paprin’s restaurant, Woodside.  They are (seated, left to right) Raymond Newman of 59-16 Woodside Avenue, chairman, and Philip Paprin, the restaurant owner, and (standing, left to right) Henry Rosenblatt, Queens J.W.V. Musical Director, and, Rabbi Yehudah Pehkin of the Woodside Jewish Center.  The program includes a dinner and installation of officers.

__________

DAVID KIEL POST TO SEAT OFFICERS
Long Island Star Journal
March 10, 1949

The David Kiel Jewish War Veterans Post will be formally instituted Sunday night in Paprin’s restaurant, 60-21 Roosevelt avenue, Woodside.  Joseph Newman of 59-16 Woodside avenue, Woodside, commander, and other officers will be installed.

They include Bernard Kiel and Jordan Rolnick, vice-commanders; Arthur Schulman, quartermaster; Isadore Kamen, adjutant; Harold Morrison, officer-of-the-day; Dr. Arthur Gordon, surgeon; Milton Hong, chaplain; Wallace Green, officer of the guard; Joseph Zarchy, historian; Joseph Honig, patriotic instructor; Arthur Zarchy, service officer, and Stanley Ganz, Max Schaffer and William Bell, trustees.

Raymond Newman is the arrangements committee chairman.  Dancing will follow the installation.

It would seem that by now, the year 2021, the David Kiel Jewish War Veterans Post no longer exists: Searching the very phrase “David Kiel Jewish War Veterans Post” in DuckDuckGo, and that o t h e r search engine – y’know, that one in Menlo Park? – yields parallel results:  “No results found for “David Kiel Jewish War Veterans Post””, and, “It looks like there aren’t many great matches for your search,” respectively.  This should not be too surprising, given the passage of time and the fragility of human memory, let alone the enormous sociological, demographic, and technological changes that have transpired in the United States, and the rapidly atrophying “West” in general, since the late 1940s. 

If such forces have affected the Western world in general, so are they similarly affecting the Jews of the United States.  As for the future of the Jews in the United States?  About that I make no predictions, other than to say that while history never repeats itself congruently, there is a similarity in patterns of thought and behavior across time and space, for human nature remains unchanged.  And so, the following two essays – by Joel Kotkin and Caroline Glick, despite all their likely ideological differences! – deserve equal contemplation. 

And in time, not just contemplation.

Why American Jews are Looking to Israel

The Threats American Jewry Refuses to Face

____________________

Klein, Jerome R. (Yosef Bar Yakov Klein), Pvt., 13179290
Died Non-Battle
Born 1924
Mr. and Mrs. Jacob E. (7/1/92-5/6/69) and Minnie (1/12/99-8/14/89) Klein (parents), Philadelphia, Pa.
Montefiore Cemetery, Jenkintown, Pa. – Section 4, Lot 353, Grave 1; Date of burial unknown
American Jews in World War II – Not listed

Here’s the Klein family plot at Montefiore Cemetery in Jenkintown, Pennsylvania.  Jerome’s resting place is at the left.  

Jerome Klein’s matzeva.  Information concerning the specific military unit to which he was assigned is unavailable.  Given that he’s categorized as having “Died Non-Battle”, I believe his military service was limited to the United States.

____________________

Krieger, Morris J., PFC, 35517750, BSM, Purple Heart (at Mount Serra, Tuscany, Italy)
10th Mountain Division, 87th Mountain Infantry Regiment, F Company
Born 1917
Mrs. Emilie Krieger (wife); Charles Krieger (son; YOB 1942), William J. Krieger (brother); Mrs. Sadie Thomas and Mrs. Mary Winston (sisters), 110 Hill St., Bay City, Mi.
Florence American Cemetery, Florence, Italy – Plot B, Row 6, Grave 5
Cleveland Press & Plain Dealer – 5/23/45
American Jews in World War II – 492

____________________

London, Maurice (Moshe Bar Benyamin), PFC, 33786461, Purple Heart (Germany)
283rd Field Artillery Regiment, A Battery
Born 10/18/19, Philadelphia, Pa.
Mrs. Norma London (wife); “Ganelle” / “Janella”?) (daughter), 3209 W. Dauphin St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Benjamin London (father); Billie and Lena (sisters)
Mount Sharon Cemetery, Springfield, Pa. – Section L, Lot 450, Grave 2; Buried 9/26/48
The Jewish Exponent 5/18/45, 6/8/45, 10/1/48
The Philadelphia Inquirer 5/12/45, 9/24/48
Philadelphia Record 5/12/45, 5/28/45
American Jews in World War II – 537

Private Maurice London’s matzeva.  Examination of the upper part of the column reveals that a photographic portrait set in a ceramic mount may once have been attached to it, in the custom of many matzevot from the 20s through the 40s.  That picture has been lost in the decades since the late 1940s.  

____________________

Paul, Solomon, PFC, 33053838, BSM, Purple Heart
77th Infantry Division, 307th Infantry Regiment
Born 4/25/20
Mr. and Mrs. Louis and Rose Paul (parents), 2732 North Front St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Honolulu Memorial, Honolulu, Hawaii – Plot E-170; Buried 1/3/49
Philadelphia Inquirer 6/11/45
Philadelphia Bulletin and Philadelphia Record – 6/12/45
American Jews in World War II – 452

Penso, Stanley, PFC, 42183678, Purple Heart (Germany)
Born 1926 (?)
Mrs. Ray Penso (mother), 1460 Grand Concourse, New York, N.Y.
City College of New York Class of 1947
Cemetery location unknown
Casualty List 5/19/45
American Jews in World War II – 404

____________________

Sapperstein, Melvin S., Pvt., 36978192, Purple Heart
91st Infantry Division, 361st Infantry Regiment, I Company
Born Detroit, Michigan, 8/7/20
Mrs. Theodora (Alpert) Sapperstein (wife), 2923 Monterey St., Detroit, Mi.
Mr. Sol Sapperstein (father); Eileen (sister), 2923 Monterey, Detroit, Mi.
Machpelah Cemetery, Ferndale, Mi. – Section 6, Lot 36, Grave 413D; Buried 11/28/48
Casualty List 5/22/45
The Jewish News (Detroit) 6/15/45, 11/26/48
Baltimore Jewish Times 4/27/45
American Jews in World War II – 195

Announcement of a memorial service for Private Sapperstein, published in The Jewish News on June 15, 1945.  

Private Sapperstein’s matzeva, as photographed by FindAGrave contributor KChaffeeB.  His name appears atop the stone in Hebrew characters, but the text cannot be resolved due to the angle of the image.      

____________________

Schwartzman, Henry, Pvt., 32899677, Silver Star, Purple Heart
14th Armored Division, 48thy Armored Tank Battalion
Mrs. Sylvia Schwartzman (wife), 1559 40th St., Brooklyn, N.Y.
Tablets of the Missing at Lorraine American Cemetery, St. Avold, France
Casualty List 5/31/45
American Jews in World War II – 436

Unger, Irwin M. (Ezriel Mordechai Ben Yehuda Tzvi), PFC, 42064656, Silver Star, Purple Heart (Germany)
8th Armored Division, 49th Armored Infantry Battalion, A Company
Born 1926
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph (Juda) [1892-3/13/41] and Molly M. (Gottesman) [1897-2/17/77] Unger (parents), 133 Clarke Place, New York, N.Y.
Baron Hirsch Cemetery, Staten Island, N.Y. – First Nadworner Sick Benevolent Association (matezva is missing)
Casualty List 5/18/45
American Jews in World War II – 463

United States Army Air Force

First Lieutenant Nathaniel Norman Shane

– Murdered while Prisoner of War –

On the 17th of April, 1945, First Lieutenant Nathaniel Norman Shane (0-781687), a co-pilot in the 327th Bomb Squadron, 92nd Bomb Group, 8th Air Force, was one of three airmen – from a crew of eight – who were able to parachute from their B-17G Flying Fortress (43-39110, UX * E, otherwise known as Naughty Nancy), after their aircraft was struck by another 327th Bomb Squadron B-17G (44-8903, the un-nicknamed UX * G) in a mid-air collision during a mission to Dresden, Germany.

Missing Air Crew Report 14053, for Naughty Nancy, reveals that the plane’s other two survivors were the pilot, 1 Lt. John W. Paul., Jr., of Dundalk, Maryland, and tail gunner, S/Sgt. Peter B. Taylor, of Worcester, Massachusetts.  Of the eight crew members aboard UX * G, covered in MACR 14052, there were two survivors:  Pilot 1 Lt. Arthur H. Heuther, and co-pilot 2 Lt. Frank K. Jones.

Shane landed uninjured in the vicinity of the German town of Reinhardtsgrimma*, south of Dresden, and was soon captured by a member of the SS named “KIRSTEN”. 

As angry civilians arrived on the scene, Shane was murdered:  He was shot several times by Kirsten.

As documented in Shane’s Individual Deceased Personnel File (IDPF) – in the context of the discovery and identification of Shane’s body in 1948 – “The [Parish] Preacher [“Hinke”, who reported the shooting] evidently seemed to know more than he was willing to talk about.” 

A review of documents in Shane’s IDPF, and, NARA Records Group 153 (Records of the Office of the Judge Advocate General), shows that the case was not investigated beyond the context of recovering Shane’s body.  The limiting factor, of course, was the Cold War (the first Cold War?!):  Correspondence in 2017 with the German Central Office of the National Judicial Authorities for the Investigation of National Socialist Crimes revealed that the, “…events and persons described … are unknown or unidentifiable.  This, et. al., is due to the fact that both Reinhardtsgrimma and Dippoldiswalde are located in Saxony and thus lay in the Soviet occupation zone or the GDR, for which the central office was not responsible due to the German division until 1989/90.”

As recorded in Shane’s IDPF, the last information about Kirsten – first name unknown – was that as of February, 1948, the former member of the SS was jailed in the town of Dippoldiswalde. 

Beyond that, there is nothing.

Shane’s body was in time returned to the United States.  He was buried at King Solomon Memorial Park, in Clifton, New Jersey (Section Lebanon, Block 66, Grave 43) on April 23, 1950.

Having flown 27 missions, Nathaniel Shane received the Purple Heart, Air Medal, and three Oak Leaf Clusters.  Born on June 6, 1922, in Manhattan, he was married, his wife Beatrice residing at 1231 Boynton Avenue, in the Bronx.  His parents, Harry A. and Sadie Shane, and his brother, Sidney, lived at 810 Hunts Point Avenue, (also) in the Bronx.

While Lt. Shane’s name appeared in a Casualty List published on May 22, 1945, his name – like the names of many American Jewish WW II military casualties – is absent from American Jews in World War II, as attested to by many prior posts at this blog. 

Strangely, while the National WW II Memorial hosts an Honoree page for Lieutenant Shane created by his brother, with the statement, “AIR CORPS PILOT.  HE WAS KILLED ON APRIL 17, 1945 IN A RAID OVER DRESDEN, GERMANY. RECEIVED THE HONORABLE SERVICE LAPEL BUTTON, EUROPEAN-AFRICAN-MIDDLE EASTERN CAMPAIGN MEDAL WITH 1 BRONZE STAR, AND THE WWII VICTORY MEDAL,” (accompanied by the above photo of the Lieutenant), Nathaniel Shane’s name is absent from that website’s National Archives Registry.  (I’ve encountered this discrepancy with other record searches at the National WW II Memorial website.)

Akin to the post about Corporal Jack Bartman, I hope to create a separate post about Nathaniel Shane’s story in the future. 

“…a former municipality in the district of Weisseritzkreis in Saxony in Germany located near Dresden. On 2 January 2008, it merged into the town Glashütte.

This Oogle map image shows Reinhardtsgrimma in relation to Dresden. 

…and, Oogling on in, here’s a map of the town at a larger scale. 

Soviet Union

Red Army
U.S.S.R. (C.C.C.Р.), Red Army [РККА (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия)]

Altman, Boris Shlemovich – Guards Senior Sergeant [Альтман, Борис Шлемович – Гвардии Старший Сержант]
385th Guards Heavy Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment
Telephone Operator [Телефонист]
Born 1924; Tetievskiy Raion

Beloshevskiy, David Borisovich – Junior Lieutenant [Белошевский, Давид Борисович – Младший Лейтенант]

6th Guards Tank Corps, 51st Guards Tank Brigade
Tank Commander [Командир Танка]
Born 1922; city of Serdobsk
Memorial Book of Jewish Soldiers Who Died in Battles Against Nazism – 1941-1945 – Volume I – 126

Dekhtyar Iosif Markovich – Lieutenant [Дехтяр, Иосиф Маркович – Лейтенант]
Battery Commander – Self-Propelled Guns [Командир Батареи – Самоходной Установки] – SU-76 [СУ-76]
Armored and Mechanized Troops, 1221st Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment, 1st Belorussian Front
Born 1919, city of Korosten, Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine

Gimelfarb / Gimelford, Nikolay Naumovich – Guards Sergeant Major [Гимельфарб / Гимельфорд, Николай Наумович – Гвардии Старшина]
Cannon Commander – Self-Propelled Gun [Командир Орудия – Самоходной Установки] – ISU-122 [ИСУ-122]
367th Guards Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment, 31st Tank Corps
Born 1925; city of Moscow

Greys, Grigoriy Danilovich – Guards Junior Lieutenant [Грейс, Григорий Данилович – Гвардии Младший Лейтенант]
54th Guards Tank Brigade
Tank Commander [Командир Танка]
Born 1911; Kushchenskiy Raion, Rostov Oblast
Memorial Book of Jewish Soldiers Who Died in Battles Against Nazism – 1941-1945 – Volume VIII – 206

Perelman, Lev Solomonovich – Private [Перельман, Лев Соломонович – Красноармеец]
Machine-Gunner [Автоматчик]
240th Rifle Division
Born 1923; city of Nezhin
Memorial Book of Jewish Soldiers Who Died in Battles Against Nazism – 1941-1945 – Volume VIII – 401

Sunik
, Abram Shaevich – Junior Lieutenant [Суник, Абрам Шаевич – Младший Лейтенант]

175th Tank Brigade
Tank Commander [Командир Танка]
Born 1921; city of Tashkent
Memorial Book of Jewish Soldiers Who Died in Battles Against Nazism – 1941-1945 – Volume III – pp. 395, 423

Tsimkin / Tsinkin Aleksandr Yakovlevich, Guards Sergeant [Цимкин / Цинкин, Александр Яковлевич – Гвардии Сержант]
Gun Charger (Заряжающий)
51st Guards Tank Brigade
At Ette, Germany
Born 1910; city of Mari, Turkmen SSR

England

“FROST, WITH A GESTURE STAYS THE WAVES THAT DANCE.”

Warrant Officer II Class John Gamble was one of the 37 members of the Jewish Brigade who were killed during the time in which the unit was engaged in combat with German forces.  Biographical information, his portrait, and his story as presented in Jacob Lifshitz’s The Book of the Jewish Brigade: The History of the Jewish Brigade Fighting and Rescuing [in] the Diaspora – the latter transcribed as Hebrew, with English translation – are presented below…  

Gamble, John Allan, WO 2C, 938393, Battery Sergeant-Major
England, Royal Artillery
200th Field Regiment, Palestine Regiment, Jewish Brigade Group
Mrs. Joan Gamble (wife), Kingsbury, Middlesex, England
Mr. and Mrs. Graham and Caroline Susan Gamble (parents)
Born 1918
Forli War Cemetery, Vecchiazzano, Forli, Italy – VI,C,23
We Will Remember Them – A Record of the Jews Who Died in the Armed Forces of the Crown 1939 – 1945, Volume I – 244
The Book of the Jewish Brigade – 249

סרגינט מיגיור גאמבל ג’ון אלאן ז”ל.

Sergeant Major John Allan Gamble of blessed memory.

נפצע ומת מפצעיו ביום 17 באפריל 1945 בתאונת-דרכים באיטליה.

He was injured in a car accident in Italy on April 17, 1945 and died of his injuries.

סוללת התותחנים שלו נסעה לחזית ,וג’ון ,שרכב על אופנוע ,שימש כמפקח-התנועה.  מכוניות השיירה העלו גלי אבק גדולים לאורך הדרך ,שסינוורו את העינים והאופנוע שלו התנגש עם מכונית-משא גדולה והוא נפצע קשה בברכיו ובשוקיו ומת מפצעיו .נקבר בבית-הקברות הצבאי (Forli)  בעיר פורלי.

His artillery battery drove to the front, and John, riding a motorcycle, served as traffic inspector.  The convoy cars raised large waves of dust along the road, which dazzled his eyes and his motorcycle collided with a large truck and he was badly injured in his knees and calves and died of his wounds.  He was buried in the military cemetery in the town of Forli.

בן כ”ז במותו  .נוצרי יליד אנגליה  .נתחנד בבית-ספר ברונט שבמאנספילד  .ספורטאי נלהב ,ייצג את בית-ספרו בתחרויות קרירט וכדור רגל והיה חבר פעיל במשד כמה בקלוב חובבי הקריקמ בוודהאוז ;שחייו וצולל מובהק  .עסק לפני התגייסותו בהנהלת-חשבונות  .גשוי  .התגייס לצבא עם פרוץ המלחמה וצורף לחיל התותחנים  .עד שנת 1943 שימש כמדריך בשיעורי-תותחנות בדרום וולס ובאירלנד ,אחר כך נשלח לצפון-אפריקה ושירת במחנה השמיני  .אתר עבר לאיטליה והצמיין באומץ-לב בפעולות בפיזה וזבה על בך באות-ההצטיינות “עלי אשל” ביום 24 באוגוסט 1944  .ושוב הצטיין באומץ-לב זוכה להיוכר בהודעה צבאית ביום 11 בינואר 1945  .כשהחי”ל נכנס לחזית ,צורף אלאן לחיל התותחנים שבחי”ל.

He was 27 years old at the time of his death.  A Christian born in England.  He became an enthusiastic athlete at the Brunt School in Mansfield. He joined the army when the war broke out and joined the artillery.  Until 1943 he served as an artillery instructor in South Wales and Ireland, then was sent to North Africa and served in the camp “Ali Eshel” on August 24, 1944.  And again he excelled in courage.  He was recognized in a military announcement on January 11, 1945.

This phot of Warrant Officer II Class’ Gamble’s matzeva is by FindAGrave researcher bbmir (no longer active), who apparently took images of many tombstones at the Forli War Cemetery.  

____________________

Gordon, Stanley Edward, Lt., 331196
Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment)
Mr. A. Gordon (father), “Aloha”, King__on (?) Lane, Southwick, England
(also) 86 Great Tischfield St., London, England
Becklingen War Cemetery, Borkel, Kreis Becklingen, Germany – 3,B,16
Jewish Chronicle 5/18/45
We Will Remember Them – A Record of the Jews Who Died in the Armed Forces of the Crown 1939 – 1945, Volume I – 96

____________________

“GRIEVOUSLY MOURNED BY LOVING PARENTS, SISTERS, BROTHERS AND RELATIVES.”

Rosen, Michael, Lance Bombardier, 1544792
Royal Artillery, 71st Anti-Tank Regiment
Mr. and Mrs. Morris and Leah Rosen (parents), Sheffield, England
Born 1920
Hanover War Cemetery, Germany – 7,F,12
We Will Remember Them – A Record of the Jews Who Died in the Armed Forces of the Crown 1939 – 1945, Volume I 148

This image of Lance Bombardier Rosen’s matzeva is by FindAGrave researcher pfo.  Akin to the photo of Warrant Officer II Class Gamble’s tombstone, this image reveals the powerfully simple standardized design of tombstones in Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries, where commemorative inscriptions always appear below the religious symbol engraved in the stone’s center.  

France

Bouaziz, Isaac, at Meknes, Morocco
France (Maroc), Armée de Terre, 16eme GA FTA Alger
From Fez, Morocco
Born 10/21/21
Died of illness (Maladie)

Golberg, Salomon, at Baden-Baden, Germany
France, Armée de Terre, 19eme Bataillon de Chasseurs à Pied
From Paris, France
Born 2/16/24
Died of wounds (Des suites des Blessures)

Perez, Moise, at Kehl [sic], Germany
France (Maroc), 101eme Genie
Born Marrakech, Morocco, 1919
Killed in combat (Tue au combat)

Poland

(Operation Bautzen-Elba, and, Operation Brand-Berlin)

Fajfer, Leon, Pvt. (Germany, Brandenburg, Karlshof (Operation Brand-Berlin))
Polish People’s Army, 7th Infantry Regiment
Mr. Daniel Fajfer (father)
Born 1919
JMCPAWW2 I – 19

Frenkiel, Maksymilian, Pvt. (Germany, Altreetz (Operation Brand Berlin))
Poland, Polish People’s Army, 5th Infantry Regiment
Mr. Baruch Frenkiel (father)
Born Kuchary, Poland, 1918
JMCPAWW2 I – 22

Gondowicz, Henryk, Pvt. (Operation Pomeranian Wall)
Polish People’s Army
JMCPAWW2 I – 25

Grynblat, Jakub, Sergeant Major (Germany, Altreetz (Operation Brand Berlin))
Polish People’s Army, 5th Infantry Regiment
Mr. Chaim Grynblat (father)
Born Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland; 1917
JMCPAWW2 I – 26

Klugman, Oskar, Pvt. (Poland-Germany, Oder River (Operation Brand Berlin))
Polish People’s Army, 2nd Light Artillery Regiment
Mr. Henryk Klugman (father)
Born Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland; 1917
JMCPAWW2 I – 37

Kniazanski
, Maks, First Sergeant (Germany, Altwriezen (Operation Brand Berlin))

Polish People’s Army
Born 1925
JMCPAWW2 I – 37

Lampert, Leon, Lance Corporal, 27094 (Rhede, Germany; Canadian Hospital No. 6 at Ootmarsum, Netherlands)
1 Polska Dywizja Pancerna, 10 Pulk Dragonow
Poland, Polish Army West
Born Czernin d. Pieszew, Poland; 2/4/19
Jonkerbos War Cemetery, Gelderland, Netherlands – Plot V, Row A, Grave 3; Initially buried in Cemetery “Kuiperberg”, Ootmarsum, Netherlands
JMCPAWW2 II – 118

Landau, Antoni, Pvt. (Germany, Brandenburg, Neurüdnitz (Operation Brand Berlin))
Polish People’s Army, 6th Infantry Regiment
Mr. Natan Landau (father)
Born Tyczyn, Podkarpackie, Poland, 1905
JMCPAWW2 I – 43

Majner, Tadeusz, Cpl. (Germany, Brandenburg, Bad Freienwalde (Operation Brand Berlin))
Polish People’s Army, 4th Infantry Regiment
Mr. Leon Majner (father)
Born Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland; 1912
JMCPAWW2 I – 47

Nadryczny, Beniamin, Pvt. (Germany, Brandenburg, Bad Freienwalde (Operation Brand Berlin))
Poland, Polish People’s Army, 4th Infantry Regiment
Mr. Shlomo Nadryczny (father)
Born Tulicze (d. Kobryn), Poland, 1920
JMCPAWW2 I – 51

Panas, Wladyslaw, Pvt. (German-Polish border, Niesse (Operation Bautzen Elba))
Polish People’s Army, 37th Infantry Regiment
Mr. Daniel Panas (father)
Born 1908
JMCPAWW2 I – 53

Perelberg, Izaak, Cpl. (Germany, Brandenburg, Bad Freienwalde (Operation Brand Berlin))
Poland, Polish People’s Army, 1st Howitzer Regiment
Mr. Ben-Zion Perelberg (father)
Gorn Hrubieszow, Lubelskie, Poland; 1922
JMCPAWW2 I – 53

Rajchel, Jozef, Cpl. (Germany, Brandenburg, Neuwustrow (Operation Brand Berlin))
Lithuania, Polish People’s Army, 5th Infantry Regiment
Mr. Izrael Rajchel (father)
Born Braslaw (d. Vilna), Lithuania; 1915
JMCPAWW2 I – 56

Roza, Izrael, WO (Germany, Konigsreetz (Operation Brand Berlin))
Poland, Polish People’s Army, 4th Infantry Regiment
Mr. Icek Roza (father)
Born Lochow (d. Wegrow) [Mazowieckie?], Poland, 1916
JMCPAWW2 I – 59

Rozenbaum, Chaim, Pvt. (Germany, Saxony, Lodenau (Operation Bautzen Elba))
Polish People’s Army, 33rd Infantry Regiment
Mr. Izrael Rozenbaum (father)
Born 1924
JMCPAWW2 I – 58

Szafran, Chil, Pvt. (Germany, Saxony, Lodenau (Operation Bautzen Elba))
Polish People’s Army, 33rd Infantry Regiment
Mr. Mojzesz Szafran (father)
Born 1903
JMCPAWW2 I – 65

Szwarc, Roman, Cpl. (Germany, Klemzow (Operation Brand Berlin))
Poland, Polish People’s Army, 13th Infantry Regiment
Mr. Jozef Szwarc (father)
Born Wygnanka (d. Lublin), Poland, 1916
JMCPAWW2 I – 69

Trostenman, Zelik, Pvt. (Germany, Altreetz (Operation Brand Berlin))
Poland, Polish People’s Army, 5th Infantry Regiment
Mr. Lejb Trostenman (father)
Born Wolomin, Mazowieckie, Poland, 1908
JMCPAWW2 I – 71

Prisoners of War

United States Army

Glassoff, Isadore, Pvt., 31028697, Field Artillery, Purple Heart
6th Armored Division, 212th Field Artillery Battalion, Service Battery
Born in Massachusetts, 9/14/14; Died 2/21/78
Prisoner of War; POW camp (if any…) unknown
Mr. and Mrs. Hyman and Ida Glassoff (parents), Joseph (brother), 143 Cottage St., Everett, Ma.
Casualty List (Liberated POW) 6/21/45
American Jews in World War II – 160

____________________

United States Army Air Force

8th Air Force
78th Fighter Group
82nd Fighter Squadron

While a number of my prior posts have either focused on, profiled, or mentioned in passing Jewish aviators who served as fighter pilots in the WW I United States Army Air Service (like Jacques M. Swaab), United States Army Air Force, United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, and Royal Air Force, the 17th of April in 1945 was somewhat unusual in this respect.  That day, two Jewish fighter pilots – assigned to the same Air Force – the England-based 8th Air Force; members of the same Fighter Group – the 78th; members of the same Fighter Squadron – the 82nd; flying the same type of aircraft – the P-51D Mustang; were lost during a bomber escort and strafing mission to the Dresden area.  The Parallels continue.  Both were immediately captured (one was injured) and both survived the war’s closing weeks (well, the war obviously continued in the Pacific Theater!) to eventually return to the United States.

On another, more abstract level, documentation about these two pilots has its own curious parallel:  The Missing Air Crew Reports (MACRs) covering their loss in combat were filed sequentially, and their portraits can be found in the same official Army Air Force Photograph, image 72440AC (A12409).  

Who were they?  Second Lieutenant Alvin Mordecai Rosenberg (MACR 13940) and First Lieutenant Allen Abraham Rosenblum (MACR 13939).  

____________________

Lt. Rosenberg, 0-830084, parachuted from his P-51D 44-72357 (the probably un-nicknamed MX * D) at a point southwest of Adorf and north-northeast of Selb, Germany, due to an engine fire (and possible coolant leak) of unknown origin.  Though nothing is known about his experiences as a POW, he would eventually return to his home state of New York.  Born on January 6, 1924, he was the son of Raphael and Estelle, the family living at 2261 64th Street, in Brooklyn.  He received the Air Medal, three Oak Leaf Clusters, and Purple Heart, though it’s not known if the latter award was specifically granted for the April 17 mission.  His name appeared in the Brooklyn Eagle on July 25, 1941 (yes, 1941, not 1944), and in a War Department Casualty List of May 18, 1945.  And, his name also appears on page 416 of American Jews in World War II.  

Here’s a very high resolution scan of his portrait, from Army Air Force Photo 72440AC (A12409)…

…and, here’s a transcript of the Missing Aircrew Report pertaining to his loss:

S T A T E M E N T

I was flying Surtax Yellow leader when Surtax leader went down on an airdrome to destroy a jet that had just landed.  My wingman couldn’t get his left combat tank off, so I didn’t take my flight down.  Surtax spare, Lt. Rosenberg, was flying #5 in Yellow flight.  He called that something had popped out the right side of his cowling.  He had not been hit by flak.  I told him to open his coolant and oil shutters wide, which he did, and to pick up a heading of 270 degrees, which he failed to do.  He kept steering about 180 degrees and called in about 3 minutes later that he had returned his shutters to automatic because the plane seemed to be OK.  I told him again to steer about 280 or 290 degrees, which he did, and told him to open his shutters again, which he did.  By this time, I was flying fairly close formation with him, so I could observe the right side of his plane.  A thin steady stream of white smoke was coming out of the exhaust stacks, which became increasingly worse after about 4 or 5 minutes.  He said it was going to quit and wanted to know if we were in friendly territory.  I told him to prime like mad, and the smoke stopped temporarily.  I told him to try to keep it going for at least 7 minutes, because we were still in enemy territory.  Every time the smoke started, I would yell at him to prime, and the smoke would stop.  About 3 minutes from the time it got bad, however, the engine quit altogether and flames emanated from around the exhaust stacks.  He immediately released the canopy and bailed successfully.  The plane crashed and exploded, and he landed about 100 yards from a house.  Two people came out to him, and he seemed to be OK, for he stood and waved to us.  Lt. Childs, my element leader, buzzed them a couple of times, so his description of the people with Lt. Rosenberg follows.  Lt. Rosenberg’s exact position is not known, but his approximate position is in the vicinity of Adorf, just south of Plauen.

IVAN H. KEATLEY 0-665815
Captain, Air Corps.

I was flying Surtax Yellow 3.  After Lt. Rosenberg bailed out, I saw him land safely in an open field and saw him met by two German men.  One appeared to have on an olive drab uniform, the other was wearing civilian clothes.  As I passed over, he waved that he was OK.  The second time I passed over he was standing in a small village, which I believe was Adorf.

JOHN C. CHILDS 0-2005853
1st Lt., Air Corps

I certify I have interrogated every pilot in the vicinity of Adorf, where Lt. Rosenberg became MIA, and that all available information is incorporated in the statements above.

ERWIN C. BOETTCHER
Captain, Air Corps
Intelligence Officer

Here’s by the map accompanying the MACR.  Not too precise, but it does the job.  

I’ve been unable to trace information about Lt. Rosenberg further.  

____________________

The day was rather more eventful for Lieutenant Rosenblum.  During a strafing attack against the Kralupy Airdrome, north-northwest of Prague and just east of the Vltava River, where his formation position was that of “Surtax Red Leader”, his left drop tank (which he couldn’t jettison) and propeller struck the ground, even as his Mustang (P-51D 44-72367, the probably un-nicknamed “MX * C”) became the focus of German antiaircraft fire.  After a brief farewell radio message, he attempted to belly-land his plane, but the aircraft tumbled, and – as anti-aircraft fire continued – it cartwheeled, tearing off the right wing.  Though no sign of life was seen by an observing pilot (Lt. Klassen) once the hurtling Mustang stopped moving, Lt. Rosenblum emerged from the wreck quite alive, his only injury a broken arm.  As revealed in an Atlanta Constitution article of October 30, 1945 (see below), he was interned at Stalag 18C, in Markt Pongau, Austria, and like Lt. Rosenberg, in time returned to the United States.  

Serial number 0-678943, he completed 56 missions, and received the Air Medal and two Oak Leaf Clusters, at least based on information in American Jews in World War II, where his name appears on page 89.  Given his injury and total number of missions flown, it seems that he should have received the Purple Heart and eleven Oak Leaf Clusters…  

Lt. Rosenblum’s parents were Nathan (Nuchum) Beryl and Freda (Bain) Rosenblum, of 127 Peachtree Street, in Anderson, South Carolina, while his sister Sarah was married to Sergeant David D. Danneman (himself a POW, as described below), from 771 Washington Street, in Atlanta.  Born in Orangeburg, South Carolina, on April 26, 1923, he passed away on October 12, 1986, and is buried at  Forest Lawn Memorial Cemetery, in Lilburn, Georgia.  Along with American Jews in World War II, his name appeared in an official Casualty List on May 17, 1945, the Southern Israelite on November 2, 1945, and the Atlanta Constitution on March 9, 1945.  This latter article follows below…  

Lt. Allen Rosenblum In Air Convoy to Berlin

Lt. Allen A. Rosenblum, whose sister, Mrs. David Danneman, lives at 771 Washington Street, S.W., was one of 900 fighter pilots convoying 1,000 Eighth Air Force Fortresses in a recent devastating attack on the heart of Berlin.

Flying a P-51 Mustang, Lt. Rosenblum was in the air more than five and a half hours on the Berlin mission.  His group, which went down to strafe an airfield at Luneburg and trains in other parts of western Germany, left 15 Nazi planes burning on the field and damaged 11 others, in addition to several locomotives and oil cars which were destroyed.

____________________

Here’s a very high resolution scan of Lt. Rosenblum’s portrait, from Army Air Force Photo 72440AC (A12409)…

…and, here’s a transcript of the Missing Aircrew Report pertaining to his loss:

STATEMENTS OF EYEWITNESSES

We were flying in Surtax Red flight, led by Lt. Rosenblum, on a bomber escort to Dresden.  After the target, we flew south into Czechoslovakia and hit the deck to strafe an airdrome north of Prague.  Surtax Red leader tried to drop his tanks, but his left one would not come off.  One the run toward the field, while on the deck, Lt. Schneider called him, but he never did get it off.  As we neared the field, on the deck, flak began to come at us.  I saw it was being concentrated on Red leader.  We were line abreast and I saw Rosenblum’s prop and tank hit the ground before reaching the field as he was hugging the ground to get under the flak.  We believe he also hit his prop again on the field.  He then said, “I’ve got to belly in here, so long fellows.”  We passed him just as he was bellying in and did not get another look at the aircraft. 

EDWIN O. SCHNEIDER  0-713584
1st Lt., Air Corps.

HARRY L. ROE JR 0-830318
2nd Lt., Air Corps.

__________

I was Cargo (83rd Fighter Squadron) Yellow leader on bomber escort In the Dresden area when Nuthouse reported jets in the area.  I took my Section south of target to investigate some Bogies which turned out to be Surtax White and Red flights.  They were positioning themselves to strafe an airdrome, so I circled to observe results.  As Surtax Red Flight went over the drome, I saw one aircraft lagging behind and going very slow, and at that time Surtax Red leader called and said, “I’ve got to belly in here, so long fellows.”  He cleared the west edge of the airfield, but hit something with his left wing just as he bellied in, which spun the aircraft around and tore off his right wing as he cart-wheeled.  From the time he reached the edge of the field until after the aircraft came to a stop, I observed hits on and all around his aircraft from small caliber arms.  The aircraft did not burn, and no one got out as I circled. 

PETER W. KLASSEN 0-708695
1st Lt., Air Corps

I certify that I have interrogated every pilot in the area of Kralupy Airdrome at the time Lt. Rosenblum became MIA.  All available information is Incorporated in the statements of the above. 

ERRIN C. BOETTCHER
Captain, Air Corps
Intelligence Officer.

Here’s by the map accompanying the MACR.  Like that for Lt. Rosenberg, not too detailed, but close enough, considering the conditions (combat conditions, that is!) under which observations were made. 

Given the nearly eight decades that have transpired since the events in question, I thought it would be interesting to identify the actual location and current appearance of the Krapuly Airfield.  This was not difficult, for the website Vrtulníky v Česku (Helicopters in the Czech Republic) has substantial information (at “Kralupy nad Vltavou Kralup“) chronologically arranged, about the airfield’s history from 1913 through 1955, of course in Czech.  This includes the statement;

“16.4.1945 nálet stíhačů od 78th FG a 339th FG, 8th USAAF z Velké Británie.

Jako první byly zničeny čtyři stroje He 177.  Pozoroval jsem vzdušný kolotoč z výšiny nad Minicemi, nad kterými dokončovaly některé stroje otáčky a vracely se zpět ke kralupskému letišti.  V krátké době zůstaly z pýchy německého letectva na zemi jen hořící trosky.  Po osmi průletech spojeneckých stíhačů byl celý prostor letiště zničen.  Proti útočícím Mustangům nezasáhli Němci ani ze země, ani ze vzduchu. Zdroj.

Přímý účastník útoku na kralupské letiště Leutenant J.W. Gokey od 503rd FS, 339th FG, 8th USAAF z Velké Británie vzpomíná: “V oblasti, kam jsem směřoval, jsem spatřil několik letadel 78th FG, útočících na letiště u Kralup.  Zapojili jsme se také krátce do boje.  Plocha byla špatně přístupná a již na ni hořelo 30 nebo 35 transportních Ju 52.  Zaměřili jsme se na vybavení letiště a zničili několik baráků na severu hlavní dráhy. Pro nedostatek paliva jsme prostor brzy opustili.  Ze země nešla žádná palba, ale viděl jsem dva palposty flaku, které pravděpodobně zničila již 78th FG ..”

Approximate translation?

On April 16, 1945 raid [by] fighters from the 78th FG and 339th FG, 8th USAAF from Great Britain.

The He 177 aircraft were the first to be destroyed.  In a short time, out of the pride of the German Air Force, only burning debris remained on the ground.  After eight flights by Allied fighters, the entire area of the airport was destroyed.  The Germans did not intervene against the attacking Mustangs either from the ground or from the air.

A direct participant in the attack on Kralupy Airport, Lieutenant J.W. Gokey from the 503rd FS, 339th FG, 8th USAAF from Great Britain recalls: “In the area where I was heading, I saw several 78th FG aircraft attacking the airport near Kralupy.  We also participated briefly.  The area was difficult to access and 30 or 35 Ju-52 transports [had] already burned.  We focused on airport equipment and destroyed several barracks in the north of the main runway.  Two flak outposts were probably destroyed by the 78th FG.”

Interestingly, given that Kralupy nad Vltavou Kralup has no information about an attack against the Kralupy Airfield on April 17 – and I don’t think the 78th Fighter Group would have conducted a strafing attack against the same distant enemy airfield on two consecutive days – I wonder if the above statement about a mission on April 16, actually refers to the 78th’s mission of April 17.  (I think it may!)  In any event, here are three images of an April strafing attack against the Kralupy airfield from the same web page.  (The source of the photos is not listed.)

In the image below, a P-51 is visible banking to the left, in the upper right corner.  

But, what about the airfield’s specific location?  Kralupy nad Vltavou Kralup displays air photos of the area, taken in 1946 and 1953, which show the field in relation to nearby geographic features, as well as the wreckage of Luftwaffe aircraft (I think Siebel 204s) that after the war were dumped in nearby quarries, or, pushed into wooded areas bordering the field.  This photo, taken in 1953, shows the locations of four of these aeronautical junk piles – denoted by red ovals – at the periphery of the field.  

Using this information and these photos in conjunction with the map in MACR 13939, I’ve created the following series of Oogle maps which – as you move “down” this page – reveal, at successively larger scales and therefore in greater detail, contemporary views of the airfield’s location.  In each case, the airfield site is denoted by a red circle.    

First, the airfield in relation to the city of Prague:  A teeny-tiny red circle on this small-scale map.

Oogling on in, the airfield in relation to Veltrusy, and, Karlupy nad Vltavou (“Kralupy on the Vltava River”).  

Oogling even closer…

Here’s a 2021 Landsat view of the area above.  You can see that much of the terrain once occupied by the airfield is now taken up by buildings.  

A map view again, but closer…

…followed by another Landsat image at the same scale as above.  Note that probably more than half of the area once occupied by the airfield is now taken up by industrial development.  

Finally, in this 3-D Oogle image of the airfield site (looking west-northwest) the extent of postwar construction is very clear.  Also noticeable at the lower center right is one of the forested areas that existed back in 1945.  Perhaps some aircraft wrecks – even including the remnants of P-51D 44-72367? – still lie there, deeply buried, awaiting discovery?

____________________

But, what of the two lost Mustangs?  The fate of the P-51s is clearly described in the MACRs:  Lieutenant Rosenberg’s plane crashed and exploded not far from where he landed by parachute, while Lieutenant Rosenblum’s aircraft broke apart when he crash-landed on the airfield.  Given the time-frame of the planes’ losses, there are no Luftgaukommando Reports pertaining to them.  End of that story.    

As for the markings of the two aircraft, information comes from Garry Fry’s Eagles of Duxford, which lists the squadron codes assigned to the planes as MX * C for Lt. Rosenblum’s, and MX * D for Lt. Rosenberg’s.  Though Eagles does not indicate if the planes carried nicknames or nose art, this possibility is not entirely precluded, for – given the fact that the pertinent MACRs don’t even record the P-51’s squadron codes in the first place! – if the planes had been nicknamed, this information may simply have never been preserved.

Regardless, the following two images, from Peter Randall’s Little Friends website, give a very good representation of the presumable appearance of the two fighters: Natural metal finish, red rudders, “swept” black and white checkerboard nose trimmed in red surrounding the front half of the aircraft’s nose, and squadron codes painted in black (or, insignia blue?) trimmed with red. 

First, P-51D 44-63246:  This particular image was, “Taken in Duxford, England by Maj. Atlee G. (Pappy) Manthos while operations officer with the 78th Fighter Group following the end of hostilities in Europe.  The pilot of this 82nd FS P-51D was Lt. John C. Childs of Hot Springs, Arkansas.”

Second, P-51D 44-15745: “Lt. Walter E Bourque.  Detroit, Mi.  82nd Fighter Squadron.  P-51D 44-15745 MX-T.”  This photo also appears as image UPL26433 via the American Air Museum in England.

__________

But then, there’s this…  Lt. Rosenblum, seated in the cockpit of unidentified P-51D Rosey THE Riveter.  Unfortunately (!), specific identification of this plane is impossible, since the plane’s individual aircraft code letter – painted on the aft fuselage – does not appear in the image.  Otherwise, the shade of the Rosey THE Riveter logo and MX squadron code letters – both dark, with lighter outline – appear to be identical.  Interestingly, rather than a K-14 gyroscopic gunsight, the plane is equipped with a (N-9?) reflector gunsight

Unfortunately, the source of this image – the very title of the book in which I discovered it – escapes me for the moment (!), but I think the picture appeared in a book about the history of the Jews in the South.  In any event, the image is credited to Raymond and Sandra Lee Rosenblum.  [Update 8/14/21: The image is from the 2002 book A Portion of the People – Three Hundred Years of Southern Jewish Life, and is from the collection of Raymond and Sandra Lee Rosenblum.]  

__________

But, there’s more, and even earlier, to Lt. Rosenblum’s story.  April 17, 1945 was not the only day on which he did not – immediately – return to his base. 

On September 18, 1944, he bellied in east of Brussels in P-47D 43-25300 (“MX * I”, nickname: B Hope).  As described by Garry Fry in a letter to Rudy Kenis of De Panne, Belgium, of October 31, 1986,

Dear Rudy,

This P-47 43-25300 was successfully belly-landed on Sept. 18, 44…  The pilot was 1 Lt. Allen A. Rosenblum, 82 F.S., who was not hurt and he returned to England and resumed his duties.  The reason for the crash is that he ran out of gasoline on the way home. 

Photographs of the wreck of MX * I can be viewed here, while a summary of the day’s events, from the 82nd Fighter Squadron History, follows:  

2 October 1944

September 18.  17 Planes on fighter bomber mission of Flak positions in Holland.  In Rotterdam 1530 hrs.  Out Amsterdam 1709 hrs.  Take off 1435 hrs.  Down at 1740 hrs.  Bombing poor to good results on flak positions and barges.  30 Plus trucks in convoy strafed on highway between Brest and Vianen, 18 destroyed and 11 damaged.  Heavy accurate light and heavy flak from Rotterdam and flak barges west of the city.  2 Cat. AC and 1 Cat. A flak damage.  Lt. R.C. Snyder MIA, hit by flak and bellied in SW of Rotterdam and heard to say he was O.K. after landing.  [P-47D 42-75551, MX * M, MACR 9001] Pilots were Capt. May, Lts. Lamb, Bolgert, Coss, Shope, Rosenblum, Mattern, Nelson, Brown, Snyder, Boeckman, Croy, Sharp, Miller, Bosworth, Eggleston, and Keatley. 

Finally and perhaps most importantly, some comments about Allen A. Rosenblum as a “person”, from letters to Rudy Kenis in late 2012 by Allen’s son Michael.   

28 October 2012

Hi, Rudy – I have a picture of my dad in a plane with the MX * I marking, but not certain that was his plane.  I also have a photo of dad in a plane marked “Rosey the Riveter”.  He was shot down twice, but I only have information on his second crash in Poland (see attached).  It is possible that his first crash was in Belgium – he was able to make it back to Allied lines safely.  After his second crash, he was a POW until the end of the war (2-3 weeks) – fortunate.  Please let me know if you find out anything about the Belgium crash.  Dad never spoke much about his war efforts – doing so gave him nightmares for weeks afterwards.  I recently learned some of these details through contacts on the P-47 pilot website.

Many thanks

__________

4 November 2012

Hi, Rudy – Many thanks for the email.  I think Dad’s earlier crash because of low fuel matches what I know of his war efforts.  Here is a picture of Dad in his Rosey the Riveter (MX) aircraft.  [See above.]  Hope this helps.

……….

Forgot to mention that you words about my father are very kind.  He would have been very pleased to have heard them.  Dad almost never spoke about his time in the war.  Doing so would cause him to have nightmares for weeks afterward.  We would have called it PTSD.  It is amazing to me to find that there are efforts of others honoring efforts of pilots like Dad.  Many thanks.

____________________

Lieutenant Rosenblum’s brother-in-law, Sergeant David Daniel Danneman (34261537) served as a togglier in the 547th Bomb Squadron of the 384th Bomb Group.  His plane, B-17F 42-29870 (JD * U, otherwise known as BIG MOOSE)  piloted by 1 Lt. Giles F. Kauffman, was shot down on October 14, 1943.  Its loss is covered in MACR 1038 and Luftgaukommando Report KU 296 (which, being a very early “low numbered” Luftgaukommando Report, is missing from NARA Records Group 242), the entire crew of ten surviving.  

Born on August 1, 1918 in Anderson County, South Carolina, he was the son of Aaron and Jenny (Jacobovitz) Danneman.  His wife Sarah resided at 771 Washington Street in Atlanta, Georgia.    

David Danneman passed away at the young age of 49 on December 25, 1967.  His name appeared in a Casualty List released on June 15, 1945, and on page 87 of American Jews in World War II, where he is recorded as having received the Purple Heart.  His commemorative page at the National World War II Memorial can be found here.  

As mentioned above, on October 30, 1945, The Atlanta Constitution published a lengthy article (by Katherine Barnwell) about the experiences of Lt. Rosenblum and Sergeant Danneman, in the context of a postwar reunion of the two men.  Like many newspaper articles of the era, the account, which includes an excellent photo of the brothers-in-law and Sergeant Danneman’s wife Sarah, is particularly valuable in presenting information unavailable in military records.  A transcript follows:

Brothers-in-Law Meet Here; Held as POW 50 Miles Apart
STORY-BOOK-ENDING

It was a joyous reunion at 771 Washington street yesterday for two Atlanta brothers-in-law who met here for the first time in many months after being prisoners of war – 50 miles apart – in Germany.

It was an equally happy occasion for Mrs. Sarah Danneman, who was present at the meeting between her brother, Lt. Allen A. Rosenblum, and her husband, S/Sgt, David D. Danneman.  Both men served in the Eighth Air Force in England, and both were shot down in missions over Nazi territory.

It was, in fact, a story-book ending for all concerned, as the smiles which all three wore yesterday amply proved.  Danneman received his discharge about a week ago, and Rosenblum expects to become a civilian again around the first of December.

Danneman spent the longer period in a German prison – 19 months, though “it seemed much longer.”  He was sent overseas in April, 1942, and received his training at an RAF school in Kirkham, England.

NOSE GUNNER ON “FORT”

A nose gunner on a Flying Fortress, he was shot down on his third mission, over Schweinfurt, Germany, Oct. 14, 1943.  His plane was hit by antiaircraft flak, and he parachuted 28,000 feet to safety.

“That mission,” Danneman explained proudly, “caused the war to end six months earlier than it would have otherwise.  Although we lost 60 bombers, we destroyed the largest ball bearing factory in Germany.”

Danneman was taken to Krems, Austria, where he was imprisoned at Stalag 17B.  He remained there until April of this year when all prisoners there were forced marched to Braunau, Austria, Hitler’s birthplace.  He was liberated by the Third Army last May 2.

Like other American prisoners in Germany, he received little food except “wormy soup, a few potatoes, and some black bread.”  He himself received only one beating from guards, but he witnessed the torture of hundreds of Jewish prisoners who were “more dead than alive.”

HOMEMADE RADIOS

“We had hundreds of ‘bugs’ (homemade radios) in the camp,” Danneman said.  “We would swap cigarettes sent us by the Red Cross to French workers for radio parts, so that we could keep up with the progress of the war.”

But Danneman did not know that his wife’s husband, Lt. Allen Rosenblum was overseas, much less that he was a prisoner only 50 miles away later in the war.

Rosenblum went overseas in July, 1944, and completed 56 missions before being shot down.  He was attached to the 78th Fighter Group of the Eight Air Force and he was credited with destroying four German planes and damaging two others.

It was in April 1945, when he was strafing an air field in the Sudetenland that his plane was hit by antiaircraft fire.  He made a crash landing in a clump of trees, and suffered head wounds and a broken arm.

Taken prisoner immediately, he was sent to Stalag 18-C in Austria.  Although he was in prison only about three weeks before he was liberated, he lost 30 pounds during that time.

“BETTER OFF THAN MOST”

“But I was better off than most,” he admitted.  “I saw guys by the road so hungry that they were eating leaves from the trees – and grass too.”

Meanwhile, Mrs. Danneman here in Atlanta did mot merely wait idly for the return of her husband and brother.  Besides holding down a full-time job, she worked three nights a week as a nurse’s aid, and most other nights as a USO hostess.  She amassed more than 2,000 hours in USO work.

Both Danneman and Rosenblum were much-decorated for their Army service.  Rosenblum wears the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Medal, wight eight oak leaf clusters, the Purple Heart, Good Conduct medal, and the presidential unit citation.  Danneman received the Purple Heart last Friday, and the Air Medal and Good Conduct medal are on the way.

“Good conduct was sort of forced on me,” Danneman laughed, “since German guards were watching me for nearly two years.”

Wounded in Action

United States Army (Ground Forces)

Abramson, Harry, Pvt., 33939323, Purple Heart (Italy, Bologna)
Born 1919
Mrs. Eva Abramson (mother), 707 S. 4th St., Philadelphia, Pa.
The Jewish Exponent 5/18/45
Philadelphia Record 5/10/45
American Jews in World War II – 508

Cooper, Sidney, Sgt., 13077767, Purple Heart (at Ie Shima, Okinawa)
Born Philadelphia, Pa., 1/31/20
Mrs. Anne Cooper (wife); Gail Eileen and Marsha Sharon (daughters), 2500 N. Marston St. / 523 Snyder Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.
Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin and Florence Cooperman (parents), 2711 South 9th St., Philadelphia, Pa.
The Jewish Exponent 6/8/45
Philadelphia Inquirer and Philadelphia Record 5/29/45
American Jews in World War II – 516

Kaitz, Aaron A., Pvt., 33815875, Purple Heart (Germany)
Born 1926
Mr. and Mrs. Abraham H. and Anna C. Kaitz (parents), 1316 South Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Jewish Exponent 5/18/45
Philadelphia Inquirer and Philadelphia Record 5/9/45
American Jews in World War II – 530

United States Marine Corps

Polotnick, Harry, Sgt., 810771, Purple Heart
6th Marine Division, 29th Marine Regiment, 3rd Battalion, G Company
Born 10/4/23; Died 3/27/91
Saint Louis, Mo. (next of kin unknown)
American Jews in World War II – 215

Other Incidents…

…United States Army Air Force

Rescued with fellow crew members after ditching in the Pacific…

Greenfogel, Maurice “Mo” (Moshe Bar Mordechay HaCohen), Sgt., 32874753, Passenger
5th Air Force, 2nd Emergency Rescue Squadron
No Missing Air Crew Report, Aircraft C-47B 43-47995, Pilot 1 Lt. Robert L. Rohlfing, 12 crew and passengersall personnel survived; Rescued 4/18/45 at 2130 by Hospital Ship USS Maetsuycker
Born 10/23/24, Brooklyn, N.Y.; Died 6/4/17
Mr. and Mrs. Max and Gussie Greenfogel (parents), Albert and Evelyn (brother and sister), Brooklyn, N.Y.
American Jews in World War II – Not listed

The pilot of a B-17 Flying Fortress, who witnessed the loss of another B-17…

Rabinowitz, Eugene, 1 Lt., 0-831796 (Bomber Pilot)
8th Air Force, 305th Bomb Group, 366th Bomb Squadron
In MACR 14172, witness to loss of B-17G 43-38085 (“KY * L”, “Towering Titan”), pilot by 2 Lt. Brainerd E. Harris, 8 crew – no survivors
Probably from Brooklyn, N.Y.
Opelika-Auburn News – 9/15/20
American Jews in World War II – Not listed

Soviet Air Force
Military Air Forces – VVS (Военно-воздушные cилы России – ВВС)

Missing during combat mission on April 17 – 18, 1945.  Actual fate unknown.  

Shapiro, Mikhail Solomonovich – Junior Sergeant [Шапиро, Михаил Соломонович – Младший Сержант]
1st Guards Aviation Corps, 16th Guards Bombardment Aviation Regiment (By June of 1945, at Military Post 15539 “V”)
Aerial Gunner – Radio Operator [Воздушный Стрелок-Радист]
Aircraft: Probably… Il-4 [Ил-4]
Born 1926; city of Kiev
Mr. Galina Mikhaylovna (Moiseevna?) Shapiro (mother), Labzik Street, Uichi Building, Block 36, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

References

Dublin, Louis I., and Kohs, Samuel C., American Jews in World War II – The Story of 550,000 Fighters for Freedom, The Dial Press, New York, N.Y., 1947

Freeman, Roger A., The Mighty Eighth – A History of the U.S. 8th Army Air Force, Doubleday and Company, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1970

Freeman, Roger A., Camouflage & Markings – United States Army Air Force, 1937-1945 [“North American P-51 & F-6 Mustang U.S.A.A.F., E.T.O. & M.T.O., 1942-1945”], Ducimus Books Limited, London, England, 1974

Fry, Garry L., Eagles of Duxford: The 78th Fighter Group in World War II, Phalanx Publishers, St. Paul, Mn., 1992

Lifshitz, Jacob (יעקב, ליפשיץ), The Book of the Jewish Brigade: The History of the Jewish Brigade Fighting and Rescuing [in] the Diaspora (Sefer ha-Brigadah ha-Yehudit: ḳorot ha-ḥaṭivah ha-Yehudit ha-loḥemet ṿeha-matsilah et hagolah ((גולהה קורות החטיבה היהודית הלוחמת והמצילה אתספר הבריגדה היהודית)), Shim’oni (שמעוני), Tel-Aviv, 1950

Maryanovskiy, M.F., Pivovarova, N.A., Sobol, I.S. (editors), Memorial Book of Jewish Soldiers Who Died in Battles Against Nazism – 1941-1945 – Volume I [Surnames beginning with А (A), Б (B), В (V), Г (G), Д (D), Е (E), Ж (Zh), З (Z), И (I)], Union of Jewish War Invalids and Veterans, Moscow, Russian Federation, 1994

Maryanovskiy, M.F., Pivovarova, N.A., Sobol, I.S. (editors), Memorial Book of Jewish Soldiers Who Died in Battles Against Nazism – 1941-1945 – Volume III [Surnames beginning with О (O), П (P), Р (R), С (S)], Union of Jewish War Invalids and Veterans, Moscow, Russian Federation, 1996

Maryanovskiy, M.F., Pivovarova, N.A., Sobol, I.S. (editors), Memorial Book of Jewish Soldiers Who Died in Battles Against Nazism – 1941-1945 – Volume VIII [Surnames beginning with all letters of the alphabet], Union of Jewish War Invalids and Veterans, Moscow, Russian Federation, 2005

Meirtchak, Benjamin, Jewish Military Casualties in the Polish Armies in World War II: I – Jewish Soldiers and Officers of the Polish People’s Army Killed and Missing in Action 1943-1945 [“JMCPAWW2 I”], World Federation of Jewish Fighters Partisans and Camp Inmates: Association of Jewish War Veterans of the Polish Armies in Israel, Tel Aviv, Israel, 1994

Meirtchak, Benjamin, Jewish Military Casualties in the Polish Armies in World War II: II – Jewish Military Casualties in September 1939 Campaign – Jewish Military Casualties in the Polish Armed Forces in Exile Soldiers and Officers of the Polish People’s Army Killed and Missing in Action 1943-1945 [“JMCPAWW2 II”], World Federation of Jewish Fighters Partisans and Camp Inmates: Association of Jewish War Veterans of the Polish Armies in Israel, Tel Aviv, Israel, 1995

Morris, Henry, Edited by Gerald Smith, We Will Remember Them – A Record of the Jews Who Died in the Armed Forces of the Crown 1939 – 1945, Volume I, Brassey’s, United Kingdom, London, 1989

Rosengarten, Theodore and Rosengarten, Dale, A Portion of the People – Three Hundred Years of Southern Jewish Life, University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, S.C., 2002

No Author

Duxford Diary, 1942-1945, W. Heffer & Sons (printer), Cambridge, England, 1945

The Jewish Brigade: Military Awards

The fallen of the Jewish Brigade have been named. 

(So have the wounded.)

More names of fallen soldiers will appear in future posts – covering men of the Palestine Regiment who died on active service prior to the Brigade’s establishment in September of 1944, and, Brigade members who died after the war’s end on May 8 (or May 9, if you prefer) 1945. 

However, this post presents names of Brigade soldiers in another context:  Men who received military awards, but who were not casualties.  As you can see from the records below – primarily derived from an article in The Palestine Post of June 10, 1946, Volume II of Henry Morris’ We Will Remember Them (1994), and to a minor extent The Jewish Chronicle – the majority of these awards are in the category of Mentioned in Despatches (Mid), and secondarily, the Military Medal (MM).  Other awards include the Africa Star, British Empire Medal (BEM), Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM), and Military Cross (MC).  Unfortunately, none of the above-mentioned references actually included the citations for these awards, which I assume would be available (where, I don’t know) at The National Archives.  

And so, the names…

Abeles, L., Cpl., Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Appell, E., Cpl., Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Appell, H., Cpl., Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Bachar, M., Pvt., Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Bagadi, K., Sapper, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Bauro, H.H., Pvt., Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Ben Artzi / Ben Azri, Ephraim, Major, 239824, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46; We Will Remember Them II – 57

Berman, H., Lt.  282466, Mentioned in Despatches
5/23/46 Gazette; Palestine Post 6/10/46; We Will Remember Them II – 58

Casper, Bernard Moses, Captain (Senior Chaplain), Mentioned in Despatches
11/29/45 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 61

Cornfeld / Cornfield, M., Major, Mentioned in Despatches
5/23/46 Gazette; Palestine Post 6/10/46; We Will Remember Them II – 63

Dab, Jacob, Pvt., Military Medal
Tel Aviv, Israel
Jewish Chronicle 11/6/42; We Will Remember Them II – 64

David, M., Pvt., Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Doppelt, C., Sergeant, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Epstein, M., Pvt., Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Eshell, Y.A., Lance Sergeant, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Even, I., Sergeant, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Feldman, A., Sgt., Royal Engineers, Mentioned in Despatches
6/1/44 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 66

Fichman, Leib, Pvt., British Empire Medal
1/31/46 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 66

Flaker, N., Sapper, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Frank, B., Sgt., Mentioned in Despatches
7/19/45 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 67

Friedberg, Julius, Captain, Mentioned in Despatches
5/23/46 Gazette; Palestine Post 6/10/46; We Will Remember Them II – 67

Friedenthal, Jonathan, Lt., Military Cross
12/12/45 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 068

Fruchter, I., Sergeant, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Gelber, I., WO 1C, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Goldfarb, _____, CSMA, Royal Engineers, Mentioned in Despatches
1/29/45 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 70

Goldsmith, Uri, Pvt., Bren-Gunner, Military Medal
Born 1922
From Bat Galim, Israel
Palestine Post 7/13/45

Grossman, H. (or, “R. Grossman”), Private or Lieutenant, Mentioned in Despatches
5/23/46 Gazette; Palestine Post 6/10/46; We Will Remember Them II – 71

Gurari, G.M., WO 2C, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Haddad, N., L/Cpl., Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Hanuch, A., Staff Sergeant, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Hausman, Fritz Sigmund, L/Cpl., Royal Army Service Corps, Distinguished Conduct Medal
Jewish Chronicle 9/8/44; We Will Remember Them II – 79

Hecht, M., Sapper, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Jacobi, S., Pvt., Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Jellishevitz, A., Sergeant, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Jerushalami, Aharon, C/Sgt., Royal Engineers, Military Medal
Sokolow St., Tel Aviv, Israel
3/1/45 Gazette; Jewish Chronicle 4/27/45; We Will Remember Them II – 82

Jordon, F., Pvt., Distinguished Conduct Medal
Jewish Chronicle 5/14/43; We Will Remember Them II – 82

Kamenkowitz, Z.M., L/Cpl., Royal Engineers, Mentioned in Despatches
Jewish Chronicle 3/1/45; We Will Remember Them II – 83

Kantoruwicz, _____, Pvt., Royal Army Medical Corps, Mentioned in Despatches
11/29/45 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 83

Kathein, R., Cpl., Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Katz, Arieh, Sgt., British Empire Medal
Kfar Joshua, Israel
Jewish Chronicle 2/12/42, 12/18/42; We Will Remember Them II – 83

Keleterar, R., Gunner, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Kirshner Smalback, M., Pvt., Royal Army Service Corps, Mentioned in Despatches
11/29/45 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 84

Kohen, Bernhard, Sgt., Military Medal
11/13/45 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 85

Kohen, Daniel, Pvt., Military Medal
12/13/45 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 85

Kopel, P., WO 2C, Royal Army Service Corps, Mentioned in Despatches
11/29/45 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 85

Kopewicz, C., Private, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Kubrik, A., Sergeant, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Leiser, A., Private, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Levitt, I., Driver, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Levy, S., Sgt., Mentioned in Despatches
11/29/45 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 88

Levy, W., Gunner, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Licht, Jehoshua, Capt., Africa Star
Born 1907
The Jewish Chronicle 8/25/44

Mandel, M., Cpl., Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Millewitz, Y., Sergeant, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Murkis, _____, Private, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Negrine, Samuel, Sgt., Military Medal
12/31/41 Times; We Will Remember Them II – 95

Platzko, Karel, Lt., Mentioned in Despatches
5/23/46 Gazette; Palestine Post 6/10/46; We Will Remember Them II – 96

Polishuk, T., Cpl., Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Pollack, Joseph, Pvt., Distinguished Conduct Medal
11/9/44 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 96

Provisor, Erwin
Vienna, Austria
Aufbau 9/7/45

Rabinovitch, Israel, Pvt., Mentioned in Despatches
Jewish Chronicle 6/22/45; We Will Remember Them II – 96

Riesenfeld, F., Company Quartermaster Sergeant, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Rooz
, Itzchok, Lt., Royal Engineers, British Empire Medal

6/14/45 Honors List; We Will Remember Them II – 97

Schugarensky / Schugurensky, Abraham, Major, Mentioned in Despatches 5/23/46
Palestine Post 6/10/46; We Will Remember Them II – 100

Sharony, M., L/Sgt., Mentioned in Despatches
11/29/45 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 101

Shopono, G., Lance Sergeant, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Silberbusch, Jacob, Sgt., Military Medal
5/10/45 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 102

Silberman, L., Sgt., Mentioned in Despatches
7/19/45 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 102

Silberman, S., Pvt., Mentioned in Despatches
5/30/44 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 102

Spegel, N., Sergeant, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Sugar, M., Cpl., Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Teplicki, A., Cpl., Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Uhlman, F., Signalman, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Uziella, A., Lance Sergeant, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Wajsblatt, I., WO 2C, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Werner, O., WO 2C, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Yofe, D., Driver, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Zadik, M.G., Lance Sergeant, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Zeidman, A., Pvt., Mentioned in Despatches
11/29/45 Gazette; We Will Remember Them II – 107

Zilzerbaum, A., Sergeant, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

Ziorn, J., Sergeant, Mentioned in Despatches
Palestine Post 6/10/46

____________________

Reference

“We Will Remember Them II” – Morris, Henry, Edited by Hilary Halter, We Will Remember Them – A Record of the Jews Who Died in the Armed Forces of the Crown 1939 – 1945 – An Addendum, AJEX, London, England, 1994

The Jewish Brigade: The Wounded

The past leads to destinations unexpected.

While searching for information concerning fallen soldiers of the Jewish Brigade – via the website of the National Library of Israel – I was startled to find records not heretofore published – well, that I’d previously known of! – whether as pixels or in print: Lists of names of the Jewish Brigade soldiers who were wounded in action, but survived the war. 

The names of these men appear in four of five Casualty Lists (I suppose issued by the British War Office and covering Jewish Brigade casualties) and published in The Palestine Post, Haaretz, and other Yishuv newspapers on April 13, and 27, and May 6 and 15, of 1945, the “first” list covering Jewish Brigade casualties having been published in the first week of April.  The lists are simple in content: They comprise a soldier’s surname, the initial of his first name, rank, and serial number, albeit the latter without any “PAL/” prefix commonly associated with Commonwealth soldiers from the Yishuv. 

As published in The Palestine Post, the lists by definition appear in English.  And so, here’s an example: The fifth Brigade casualty list, as it appeared in the Post on May 15, 1945:


In Haaertz, Haboker, and other Hebrew newspapers, the lists of course appear in Hebrew, and it’s lists published on May 4 and May 15 that are of particular historical value, for these two papers arranged the names therein by the specific calendar dates on which the soldiers were casualties, with – linguistic “curveball” here – the month published as Hebraicized English, not Hebrew.  For example, in Haaretz on May 15, we have the date of April 6 given as “bayom 6 v’aprele 1945”, rather than the Hebrew equivalent of 23 Nisan 5705.  I have to give Haaretz and Haboker historical “credit” here, for The Palestine Post did not publish this information!  

Here’s the fifth Brigade casualty list, as it appeared in Haaretz on May 15, 1945…

…and in Haboker on the same date.  This newspaper even took the step of arranging casualty information by date headings:

In this manner, of the total of 77 Jewish Brigade soldiers who were wounded in action and survived the war, the specific day when this occurred – April 6, 7, 8, 11, 12 and 13 – is known for 39 men. 
     
So, fortunately, the lists exist.

So, unfortunately, an enigma, albeit an enigma unrelated to the editorial policies of The Palestine Post, Haaretz, Haboker, and other Yishuv newspapers, which I assume were working in conformance with information released and rules mandated by the British War Office:  The lists include absolutely no other information about these soldiers:  No next of kin; no country of origin (if from outside the Yishuv); city, town, village, moshav, or kibbutz of residence; no residential address are listed.  Though I’m not directly familiar with British policies regarding the release of information pertaining to Commonwealth military casualties in WW II – in terms of content and timing – perhaps the limited nature of these lists was simply reflective of the information released by the War Office?  

____________________

Digressing, this stands in interesting contrast with the information in Casualty Lists released to the American (print) news media by the United States War Department.  Examples of two such lists are shown below.

This is the Casualty List of October 2, 1945, as published in The New York Times on October 3.

…and the Casualty List of April 20, 1946, as published in the same newspaper on April 21:

Note that American Casualty Lists obviously lists a serviceman’s name and rank, they also include names of next of kin, residential addresses, and the general military theater where a soldier was killed, wounded, missing in action.  The same holds true for liberated prisoners of war, though the specific theater in which they were captured and liberated – Europe or the Pacific – isn’t listed.  

For every man’s name there is a story, and for every story there is a name.  One of the names appearing in both of these lists is that of 1 Lt. Philip Schlamberg.  A pilot in the 78th Fighter Squadron, 15th Fighter Group, 7th Air Force.  Last seen near Futagawa, Japan on August 15, 1945, he was probably shot down by anti-aircraft fire.  A little over a half-hour later, Emperor Hirohito announced Japan’s surrender.  (Perhaps the subject of a future post.)  

____________________

So, returning to the topic at hand, the names of the 77 wounded Jewish Brigade soldiers are presented below. 

Those records where the date is prefixed by a squiggle (“ ~ ”) indicate that neither Haaretz nor Haboker published the date on which the soldier was wounded, so the date is my approximation, consistent with (and certainly not before!) the Brigade’s start of combat operations. 

Six of these soldiers (Pvt. L. Bermanes / Bermanis, Pvt. Y. Bulka, Sgt. A. Kaplanskis, Pvt. Aharon Ben Kimchi / Kimchy, Pvt. Moshe Silberberg, and Sgt. B. Zarhi) received military awards, as indicated in articles published in The Palestine Post in June of 1946, and, The Jewish Chronicle

Finally, a bit of a caveat:  The wartime residence – literally, the street address – of one of these men was revealed in The Palestine Post on June 13, 1945: Pvt. Aharon Ben Kimchi / Kimchy lived at 4 Rehov Rabbi Akiva in Bnei Brak.  An Oogle Street View (vintage 2015) image of this building appears below.

 ________________________________________

Abramovski, H., Pvt., PAL/17851
Wounded in Action 4/6/45
Haaretz 5/4/45, Palestine Post 5/6/45

Adelmai, A., Pvt., PAL/60150
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Ahavov, D., Pvt., PAL/17117
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Botzhaim”, M., Pvt., PAL/17044
Wounded in Action 4/7/45
Haaretz 5/4/45, Palestine Post 5/6/45

Bahbut, M., Pvt., PAL/17026
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Becker, R., Sapper, PAL/46382
Wounded in Action 4/13/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Ben-Arie, M., Cpl., PAL/17487
Wounded in Action ~ 4/1/45
Haaretz 4/27/45, Palestine Post 4/27/45

Ben-Dror, Shmuel, Sgt., PAL/16632
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Peta Tikva, Israel
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Ben-Moshe, Z., Pvt., PAL/7082
Wounded in Action 4/6/45
Haaretz 5/4/45, Palestine Post 5/6/45

Ben-Yaakov, J., Pvt., PAL/12946
Wounded in Action ~ 4/1/45
Haaretz 4/27/45, Palestine Post 4/27/45

Berlan, S., Pvt., PAL/38302
Wounded in Action 4/11/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Bermanes / Bermanis, L., Pvt., PAL/17738, Mentioned in Despatches
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45, 6/10/46

Blau, Y., Pvt., PAL/38350
Wounded in Action 4/11/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Brinker, J., Cpl., PAL/16746
Wounded in Action 4/11/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Bulka, Y., Pvt., PAL/16832, Mentioned in Despatches
Wounded in Action 4/12/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45, 6/10/46

Bunim, S., Cpl., PAL/16108
Wounded in Action 4/11/45
Haaretz 5/4/45, Palestine Post 5/6/45

Cohen, D., Pvt., PAL/17012
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Danouch, H., Pvt., PAL/15365
Wounded in Action ~ 4/1/45
Haaretz 4/27/45, Palestine Post 4/27/45

Efrat, S., Pvt., PAL/16745
Wounded in Action 4/12/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Ehrlich, J., L/Cpl., PAL/2662
Wounded in Action 4/11/45
Haaretz 5/4/45, Palestine Post 5/6/45

Ellendmann-Pompann, O., Pvt., PAL/17573
Wounded in Action ~ 4/1/45
Haaretz 4/27/45, Palestine Post 4/27/45

Engel, H.H., Pvt., PAL/15996
Wounded in Action ~ 4/1/45
Haaretz 4/27/45, Palestine Post 4/27/45

Etinger, G., Driver, PAL/33106
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Forst, H., Cpl., PAL/15145
Wounded in Action ~ 4/1/45
Haaretz 4/27/45, Palestine Post 4/27/45

Frank, R., Pvt., PAL/38544
Wounded in Action 4/11/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Gluz, E., Pvt., PAL/17296
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Goldfarb, E., Pvt., PAL/17781
Wounded in Action ~ 4/1/45
Haaretz 4/27/45, Palestine Post 4/27/45

Goolasa, S., Pvt., PAL/15028
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Greenhoot, A., Pvt., PAL/17158
Wounded in Action 4/7/45
Haaretz 5/4/45, Palestine Post 5/6/45

Grinberg, A., Sgt., PAL/17888
Wounded in Action 4/11/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

“Haages”, I., Cpl., PAL/16791
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Hazi, O., Cpl., PAL/15130
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Hecht, P., Pvt., PAL/32731
Wounded in Action ~ 4/1/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45, 4/27/45

Imbrik, J., L/Cpl., PAL/17706
Wounded in Action 4/6/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Jackont, A., L/Cpl., PAL/15183
Wounded in Action ~ 4/1/45
Haaretz 4/27/45, Palestine Post 4/27/45

____________________

Kaplanskis, Abraham “Avremele”, Sgt., PAL/12220, Silver Star (United States) citation: “There was fierce combat near the Senio River and the enemy was dug in very strongly.  Despite being gravely injured, Sergeant Kaplanski showed bravery and steadfastness, which encouraged his people to advance in spite of unceasing gunfire that rained on them from enemy machine guns, and in spite of danger on the road, which was heavily mined.  During all that action, Kaplanski didn’t attend to his wounds, and he walked at the head of his group until he fell from loss of blood.  By his brave behaviour, Sergeant Kaplanski was a source of encouragement to his people, and in spite of the fact that his small group suffered losses, it succeeded in advancing to the enemy outposts and forced them to retreat.” (From JewishGen.Org – Yizkor – Skuodas)
Date of action: 4/11/45
3rd Battalion
Born 8/9/19, Shkud (Skuodas), Lithuania
Mr. and Mrs. Yaakov and Tovah Kaplanskis (parents)
Made Aliyah in 1938
Fell in defense of Eretz Israel, during battle for Jenin, on June 3, 1949
Buried in collective grave at foot of Mount Herzl, on August 3, 1950
Haaretz 5/15/45; Palestine Post 5/15/45; Jewish Chronicle 3/20/41; Supplement to the London Gazette 3/20/47; We Will Remember Them II – 83

____________________

Kimchi / Kimchy, Aharon Ben, Pvt., PAL/38518, Mentioned in Dispatches, Military Medal
1st Battalion
From 4 Rehov Rabbi Akiva, Bnei Brak, Israel
Seriously wounded in action 3/31/45
We Will Remember Them II – 58; Haaretz 4/27/45; Jewish Chronicle 6/22/45 (as “Aharon Ber Kimche”); Palestine Post 4/27/45, 6/13/45

2015 Oogle Street view of 4 Rehov Rabbi Akiva

This address shows up at 00:23 to 00:44 in this video by Relaxing Walker, entitled “BNEI BRAK – Rabbi Akiva Street, Israel“.

____________________

Koltun, N., L/Cpl., PAL/17416
Wounded in Action 4/8/45
Haaretz 5/4/45, Palestine Post 5/6/45

Kopstik, S., Pvt., PAL/17677
Wounded in Action 4/12/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Kornitzer, A., Pvt., PAL/15138
Wounded in Action 4/7/45
Haaretz 5/4/45, Palestine Post 5/6/45

Krausz, E., Cpl., PAL/38144
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Kugler, B., Pvt., PAL/16725
Wounded in Action 4/12/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Liberman, E., Pvt., PAL/16699
Wounded in Action 4/7/45
Haaretz 5/4/45, Palestine Post 5/6/45

Lifshitz, Z., Pvt., PAL/17258
Wounded in Action 4/7/45
Haaretz 5/4/45, Palestine Post 5/6/45

Lunz, B., Pvt., PAL/38243
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Manusevics, V., Gunner, PAL/8460
Wounded in Action 4/12/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Matatiah, Y.Y., Pvt., PAL/15023
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Meiri, S., Gunner, PAL/9095
Wounded in Action 4/6/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Mugrabi, M., Driver, PAL/16868
Wounded in Action 4/12/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Neufeld, Reuven, Pvt., PAL/16698
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Peta Tikva, Israel
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Pakal, D., Cpl., PAL/17486
Wounded in Action 4/8/45
Haaretz 5/4/45, Palestine Post 5/6/45

Pranski, M., Pvt., PAL/16586
Wounded in Action 4/12/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Rabinovici, S., Pvt., PAL/38238
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Rapaport, N., L/Sgt., PAL/16760
Wounded in Action 4/12/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Redlich, J., Pvt., PAL/16244
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Redlich, J., L/Cpl., PAL/17304
Wounded in Action 4/11/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Rivlin, D., Pvt., PAL/38471
Wounded in Action 4/11/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Rosenkranz, I., Pvt., PAL/16642
Wounded in Action ~ 4/1/45
Haaretz 4/27/45, Palestine Post 4/27/45

Rosental, H., Pvt., PAL/17301
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Roth, S., Pvt., PAL/15119
Wounded in Action ~ 4/1/45      
Haaretz 4/27/45, Palestine Post 4/27/45

Rubinstein, E., Pvt., PAL/38276
Wounded in Action 4/11/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Schembeck, G., L/Cpl., PAL/17137
Wounded in Action 4/11/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Schetzer, E., L/Cpl., PAL/16497
Wounded in Action ~ 4/1/45
Haaretz 4/27/45, Palestine Post 4/27/45

Schongut, S., L/Cpl., PAL/16687
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

“Shahory”, J., Pvt., PAL/38367
Wounded in Action 4/11/45
Haaretz 5/4/45, Palestine Post 5/6/45

Shaoul, D., Pvt., PAL/38489
Wounded in Action 4/7/45
Haaretz 5/4/45, Palestine Post 5/6/45

Shtoper, Y., Pvt., PAL/38709
Wounded in Action 4/11/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Silberberg, Moshe, Pvt., PAL/17548, Military Medal
Wounded in Action ~ 4/1/45
We Will Remember Them II – 102; Haaretz 4/27/45, Palestine Post 4/27/45; Jewish Chronicle 6/22/45

Sukiennik, M., Cpl., PAL/17378
Wounded in Action ~ 4/1/45
Haaretz 4/27/45, Palestine Post 4/27/45

Sznitkies, B., L/Cpl., PAL/17914
Wounded in Action 4/6/45
Haaretz 5/4/45, Palestine Post 5/6/45

Tanai, L., Pvt., PAL/17900
Wounded in Action 4/7/45
Haaretz 5/4/45, Palestine Post 5/6/45

Torczin, I., Pvt., PAL/38569
Wounded in Action 4/12/45
Haaretz 5/15/45, Palestine Post 5/15/45

Tsukerman, I., Pvt., PAL/17488
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45 (lists surname as “Cukerman”)

Vishnievsky, Y., L/Cpl., PAL/38111
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Walner, F., Pvt., PAL/38344
Wounded in Action ~ 3/30/45
Haaretz 4/13/45, Palestine Post 4/13/45

Weil, C., Pvt., PAL/17376
Wounded in Action ~ 4/1/45
Haaretz 4/27/45, Palestine Post 4/27/45

Zarhi, B., Sgt., PAL/16716, Mentioned in Despatches
Wounded in Action 4/7/45
Haaretz 5/4/45, Palestine Post 5/6/45, 6/10/46

____________________

References

“Gelber 1984” – Gelber, Yoav, Jewish Palestinian Volunteering in the British Army During the Second World War – Volume IV – Jewish Volunteers in British Forces, World War II, Yav Izhak Ben-Zvi Publications, Jerusalem, Israel, 1984

Lifshitz, Jacob (יעקב, ליפשיץ), The Book of the Jewish Brigade: The History of the Jewish Brigade Fighting and Rescuing [in] the Diaspora (Sefer ha-Brigadah ha-Yehudit: ḳorot ha-ḥaṭivah ha-Yehudit ha-loḥemet ṿeha-matsilah et hagolah ((גולהה קורות החטיבה היהודית הלוחמת והמצילה אתספר הבריגדה היהודית)), Shim’oni (שמעוני), Tel-Aviv, Israel, 1950

“We Will Remember Them I” – Morris, Henry, Edited by Gerald Smith, We Will Remember Them – A Record of the Jews Who Died in the Armed Forces of the Crown 1939 – 1945, Brassey’s, London, England, 1989

“We Will Remember Them II” – Morris, Henry, Edited by Hilary Halter, We Will Remember Them – A Record of the Jews Who Died in the Armed Forces of the Crown 1939 – 1945 – An Addendum, AJEX, London, England, 1994

Prisoners of War – Armies and Other Land Forces of The British Empire, 1939-1945 (“All Lists Corrected Generally Up to 30th March 1945), J.B. Hayward & Son, in Association with The Imperial War Museum Department of Printed Books, Polstead, Suffolk, England, 1990 (First published in 1945 by His Majesty’s Stationary Office)

The Jewish Brigade: The Fallen

There are stories, and then, memories within stories, and finally, names within memories.

Several of my recent posts have presented brief accounts of the history of the  Jewish Brigade – during battle, and, shortly after the war’s end – as published in the German Exile Newspaper Aufbau (for example, here, here, and here), The Palestine Post, and earlier, in the British military newspaper Parade.  (More, I hope, to follow!)  While these accounts are windows upon the military history of the Brigade, and shed moving light on encounters of Jewish soldiers from the Yishuv with survivors of the Shoah, European civilians, and German prisoners of war, by nature such stories largely render the identities of soldiers as abstractions, only giving brief glimpses of their thoughts and life stories, yet very rarely touching upon their individual identities – at best.  Well, such is often the nature of history.    

So, to more fully honor and commemorate the Jewish Infantry Brigade Group, this post presents the names of the thirty-seven Brigade soldiers who fell in battle, based on information in a variety of print and digital sources.  Such as…

The Book of The Jewish Brigade: The History of the Jewish Brigade Fighting and Rescuing [in] the Diaspora (גולהה קורות החטיבה היהודית הלוחמת והמצילה אתספר הבריגדה היהודית), by Jacob Lifshitz.  This 1950 hardcover book largely comprises brief biographies and photographs of fallen Brigade soldiers.  To the best of my knowledge, this book, neither a history of the Brigade in terms of its ideological and political origins, nor a chronicle of its military engagements, I think remains untranslated, and probably the main, if not only, monograph about these men in terms of their life histories as individuals.

We Will Remember Them – A Record of the Jews Who Died in the Armed Forces of the Crown 1939 – 1945, published in 1989, with a second supplementary volume released in 1994.  A magnificent and invaluable effort by Henry Morris, the organization of these two books somewhat parallels the design of the 1947 publication American Jews in World War Two, being a comprehensive list of servicemen’s names alphabetically arranged (under branch of service), with entries comprising each man’s rank, major branch of service, military awards, place of residence, and date of death.    

Otherwise, I know of no other single English-language work – whether monograph or journal article – in which the names of and biographical information about these men can be found. 

So, I hope the list of names below – comprising nominal biographical and bibliographical information about these fallen soldiers – contributes to the historical record about the Brigade.

As such, this list represents a composite of information derived from the website of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, Henry Morris’ two above-mentioned books, and issues (digital issues, of course!) of Haaretz, The Palestine Post, and other Yishuv newspapers, the latter available via the National Library of Israel, and to a very limited extent (for this post), the The Commemoration Site of Fallen Defense and Security Forces of Israel.  Some information also derives from The Jewish Chronicle, which was accessed – amidst the “world” that existed before the COVID Coup of 2020 – via 35mm microfilm at the New York Public Library. 

Lifshitz’s book containing a wealth of biographical information about all the fallen of the Brigade, I’ve thus far translated four of the profiles within it (for Gamble, Goldring, Koslovitz / Kozlowicz, and Zilberger) so I’m only including – for reference – the page numbers where relevant biographies and photos for each soldier can be found within that book. 
 
“Stepping back”, how did I put this list together? 

I searched the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) database – using Henry Morris’ two books as primary references – for records for every man listed in his chapter “The Palestinian Volunteers”.  Then, I searched the CWGC database using the search string “Palestine Regiment”.  The names and records obtained thus covered soldiers who fell in combat during the Brigade’s military operations in Italy, from March of 1945 through the war’s end, let alone many, many other men (and several women) from the Yishuv (and beyond) whose names don’t appear in this post. 

Being that all (I think all?) CWGC records for military personnel include soldier’s serial numbers – in the case of soldiers from the Yishuv, the serial number typically comprising the prefix “PAL/” followed by a string of digits (e.g. “PAL/16323”) – the next step involved searching the National Library of Israel’s website to find relevant wartime issues of Yishuv newspapers in which the soldier’s name appeared: In English in the Palestine Post, and, in Hebrew in Haaretz and other newspapers. 

So.  Biographical records of varied depth appear below, the record for each man following a format I established in prior posts at this blog.  As such: 

Soldier’s surname, first name, rank, and serial number
Military awards.  (Two of the fallen Brigade soldiers – Eliyahu Herschkovits / Hershkovitz, and, Moshek Josif Zilberberg – received military awards.)
Specific battalion within the Jewish Brigade (if known)
Date on which the soldier was killed in action.  (Mattathiahu Koslovitz / Kozlowicz was wounded on 4/12/45 and passed awayon May 22 of the same year.)
Soldier’s date and place of birth
Soldier’s next of kin, and their place of residence
Soldier’s place of burial
Sources of information about the soldier, with name and date of relevant newspaper, followed by page number in Henry Morris’ books.
(Finally, comments about variations in spelling of a man’s name.) 
 
Note that for a number of the records, no English-language information is available concerning the soldier’s year of birth, next of kin, or place of residence.  This information might … I think … in some cases … maybe … perhaps? … be in The Book of The Jewish Brigade.  

Of the thirty-seven names below, five appeared in The Jewish Chronicle:  WO 2C / Company Sergeant Major Eliyahu Herschkovits / Hershkovitz; Cpl. Chaim Kurtzrock; Pvt. Baruch Lewin; Sgt. Yitzchak Rizhi; and Pvt. Aryeh Shechter.  Though Lieutenant David Anthony Van Gelder was not specifically a member of the Brigade, appearing in the CWGC database under “The Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment)”, Lifshitz’s book does include his portrait and biography, while he is listed under “The Palestinian Volunteers” in Henry Morris’ book, and, he was killed while serving with the Brigade.  Likewise, the name of WO 2C John Alan Gamble, a Christian soldier serving with the Brigade, appears in both Lifschitz’s and Morris’ books, and will figure in – I hope! – a future blog post covering Jewish military casualties of the 17th of April, 1945.  (“Stay tuned.”)  In addition, information about Corporal Yoseph Lieberman is absent from Lifshitz’s book.  

And so, the names.

Oh, I almost forgot: First, a poem by Zelda Schneurson Mishkovsky.  

Every Man Has a Name

זלדה שניאורסון-מישקובסקי
Зельда Шнеерсон-Мишковски

Every man has a name
Given him by God
And given by his father and his mother
Every man has a name
Given him by his stature and his way of smiling,
And given him by his clothes.
Every man has a name
Given him by the mountains
And given him by his walls
Every man has a name
Given him by the planets
And given him by his neighbors
Every man has a name
Given him by his sins
And given him by his longing
Every man has a name given him by those who hate him
And given him by his love
Every man has a name
Given him by his holidays
And given him by his handiwork
Every man has a name
Given him by the seasons of the year
And given him by his blindness
Every man has a name
Given him by the sea
And given him
By his death.

– .ת. נ. צ. ב. ה –

________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

________________________________________

Botnik, Yaakov (יעקב בוטניק), Pvt., 38562
2nd Battalion
3/20/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,A,5
Haaretz 4/1/45, 4/5/45; Palestine Post 4/2/45; Lifshitz – 244-245; We Will Remember Them I – 68, 239
(CWGC as “Butnik, Yaacov”; Palestine Post as “Botnik, Jacob”; We Will Remember Them as “Botnik, Yaakov”)

Brodt, C. (חיים ברודט), L/Cpl. 38528
3rd Battalion
3/20/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,A,3
Haaretz 4/1/45, 4/5/45; Palestine Post 4/2/45; Lifshitz – 246-247; We Will Remember Them I – 66
(Palestine Post as “Brod, Chaim”)

____________________

“FROST, WITH A GESTURE STAYS THE WAVES THAT DANCE.”

Gamble, John Alan (ג’ון-אלן גמבל), WO 2C (Battery Sergeant Major), 938393, Royal Artillery
200th Field Regiment
4/17/45
Born 1918
Mrs. Joan Gamble (wife), Kingsbury, Middlesex, England
Mr. and Mrs. Graham and Caroline Susan Gamble (parents)
Forli War Cemetery, Vecchiazzano, Forli, Italy – VI,C,23
Lifshitz – 249-250; We Will Remember Them I – 244
(We Will Remember Them lists name as “Gambel, John Alan”)

(Photo from The Book of the Jewish Brigade, p. 249)

(Photo by FindAGrave researcher bbmir)

John Alan Gamble (ג’ון-אלן גמבל) 938393

(See also this…)

(This is transcribed and translated text from The Book of The Jewish Brigade…)

סרגינט מיגיור גאמבל ג’ון אלאן ז”ל.

נפצע ומת מפצעיו ביום 17 באפריל 1945 בתאונת-דרכים באיטליה.

סוללת התותחנים שלו נסעה לחזית ,וג’ון ,שרכב על אופנוע ,שימש כמפקח-התנועה.  מכוניות השיירה העלו גלי אבק גדולים לאורך הדרך ,שסינוורו את העינים והאופנוע שלו התנגש עם מכונית-משא גדולה והוא נפצע קשה בברכיו ובשוקיו ומת מפצעיו .נקבר בבית-הקברות הצבאי (Forli)  בעיר פורלי.

בן כ”ז במותו  .נוצרי יליד אנגליה  .נתחנד בבית-ספר ברונט שבמאנספילד  .ספורטאי נלהב ,ייצג את בית-ספרו בתחרויות קרירט וכדור רגל והיה חבר פעיל במשד כמה בקלוב חובבי הקריקמ בוודהאוז ;שחייו וצולל מובהק  .עסק לפני התגייסותו בהנהלת-חשבונות  .גשוי  .התגייס לצבא עם פרוץ המלחמה וצורף לחיל התותחנים  .עד שנת 1943 שימש כמדריך בשיעורי-תותחנות בדרום וולס ובאירלנד ,אחר כך נשלח לצפון-אפריקה ושירת במחנה השמיני  .אתר עבר לאיטליה והצמיין באומץ-לב בפעולות בפיזה וזבה על בך באות-ההצטיינות “עלי אשל” ביום 24 באוגוסט 1944  .ושוב הצטיין באומץ-לב זוכה להיוכר בהודעה צבאית ביום 11 בינואר 1945  .כשהחי”ל נכנס לחזית ,צורף אלאן לחיל התותחנים שבחי”ל.

Sergeant Major John Allan Gamble of blessed memory.

He was injured in a car accident in Italy on April 17, 1945 and died of his injuries.

His artillery battery drove to the front, and John, riding a motorcycle, served as traffic inspector.  The convoy cars raised large waves of dust along the road, which dazzled his eyes and his motorcycle collided with a large truck and he was badly injured in his knees and calves and died of his wounds.  He was buried in the military cemetery in the town of Forli.

He was 27 years old at the time of his death.  A Christian born in England.  He became an enthusiastic athlete at the Brunt School in Mansfield. He joined the army when the war broke out and joined the artillery.  Until 1943 he served as an artillery instructor in South Wales and Ireland, then was sent to North Africa and served in the camp “Ali Eshel” on August 24, 1944.  And again he excelled in courage.  He was recognized in a military announcement on January 11, 1945.

____________________

Gilinskas, Gershon Y. (יצחק-גרשון גילינסקי), Pvt., PAL/38500
1st Battalion
Died of wounds 4/13/45
Forli War Cemetery, Vecchiazzano, Forli, Italy – VI,C,19
Haaretz 5/4/45; Palestine Post 5/6/45; Lifshitz – 256-257; We Will Remember Them I – 244; Gelber, 1984 – 320
(CWGC as “Gilinskas, I.G.”; Palestine Post as “Gilinskas, I.”; We Will Remember Them as “Gilinks, Gershon Y”)

Goldbov, Yehuda (משה גולומב גולוב), Pvt., PAL/38690
4/11/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,C,8
Haaretz 5/15/45; Palestine Post 5/15/45; Lifshitz – 250-251; We Will Remember Them I – 245
(CWGC as “Golobov, Yehuda”; Palestine Post as “Golobov, Y.”; We Will Remember Them as “Goldbov, Yehuda”)

____________________

Goldring, Uszer (אשר גולדרינג), Pvt., PAL/16323
Missing in Action 3/31/45; Presumably captured; Body never recovered; (Murdered while prisoner of war?)
Born 1910
Mrs. Chana Goldring (wife), Raanana, Israel
Mr. and Mrs. David and Sara Goldring (parents)            
Cassino Memorial, Cassino, Frosinone, Italy – Panel 13
Haaretz 4/27/45; Palestine Post 4/13/45, 4/27/45; Lifshitz – 253-254; We Will Remember Them I – 244
(Palestine Post as “Goldyring, U.”; We Will Remember Them I – 244, as “Goldring, Asher”)

(Photo from The Book of the Jewish Brigade, p. 253)

Uszer Goldring (אשר גולדרינג) PAL/16323

(See also this…)

נעדר בליל יז’ בניסן תש”ה, 31 במארס 1945

משמר בן 12 חיילים מפלוגתו (פלוגה א’ גדוד א’), בפיקוד הסרג’נט לייזר ז”ל, התקיף באותו ערב בית-עמדה אחד בשם “דמפסי” על-יד פוגאנאנא בעמק הסנין.  מטר-אש קטלני מ”שמייסר” ומספר גדול של רימוני-יד ניתכו עליהם ממרחק קטן, ואחד הרימונים פגע בלייזר.  הוא צעק: “נפצעתי, הגישו עזרה ראשונה”.  וגולדרינג הושיטה לו מיד.  לייזר פקד לסגת וממלא מקומו מילא את פקודתו.  אך גולדרינג לא רצה להיפרד מלייזר ועמד לעורתו עד הרגע האחרון.  דבר זה נתגלה בשעה שהמשמר נתרחק מן הבית בתשעים מטר.  החיילים לחזור ולהביאם, אבל מחמת ריבוי הפצועים לא היו מוכשרים להליכה וחזרו לעמדתם.  כעבור זמן-מה יצא משמר לוחם בן 15 אנשים בפיקודו של קצין לחפש את שני הנעדרים ולהביאם אתם.  אבל אלה תעו בדרך והיו מוכרחים לחזור.  עם אור הבוקר הוציאו נושאי אלונקות את לייזר מת, ואילו גולדרינג לא נמצא ועקבותיו לא נודעו עד היום.  אולי בידי הגרמנים והם לקחוהר אתם?  אנו קיווינו שנשבה ונשאר בחיים, אבל עד עתה לא נתקבלה כל ידיעה עליו. 

בן 31 אב לשני ילדים.  לא היה חייב גיוס לפי צו המוסדות.  אבל מצפונו הניעו להתנדב בין הראשונים.  השקיע מרץ רב בעסקנות הצבורית שבין החיילים.  חיוד תמיד בפניו, שקט בתנועותיו וקסם באישיותו.  כשפגע פגז באנשי מחלקתו בתוך הקווים, הגיש הוא את העזרה הראשונה והרגיע את הפצועים.  ביחוד הצטיין ביחסו החברי בשעת פעולות של פאטרול.  אז כל חיוך וכל מלה טובה מרגיעים והוא היה איש ההומור העדין והאופי החזק כאחד. 

__________

He was missing on the night of 17 Nissan [Saturday], March 31, 1945.

A 12-man guard from his company (Company A, 1st Battalion), under the command of the late Sergeant Leiser [Sgt. Shuli Leiser, PAL/17637], attacked a post office “Dempsey” that evening called near Fuganana in the Senin Valley.  A deadly barrage of fire from “Schmeisers” [MP-40 submachine guns] and a large number of hand grenades were fired at them from a short distance, and one of the grenades hit Leiser.  He shouted: “I’ve been injured; first aid.”  And Goldring gave it to him at once.  Leiser ordered a retreat and his deputy fulfilled his order.  But Goldring did not want to part with Leiser and stood alongside him until the last minute.  This was discovered as the guard moved ninety feet away from the house.  The soldiers returned to fetch them, but due to the large number of wounded, they were not able to walk and returned to their position.  Some time later, a 15-man combat guard under the command of an officer set out to search for the two missing and return with them.  But they got lost along the way and had to go back.  At dawn the stretcher-bearers removed the dead Leiser, while Goldring was not found and his traces are not known to this day.  Maybe [he was] in the hands of the Germans and they took him with them?  We had hoped him to have [him] been captured and left alive, but so far no information has been received about him.

A 31 year old father of two children.  Did not have to be recruited by order of the institutions.  But his conscience motivated him to be among the first to volunteer.  He invested a great deal of energy in public activity among the soldiers.  A sharpness always in his face; quiet in his movements and charm in his personality.  When a shell hit members of his platoon inside the lines, he rendered first aid and reassured the wounded.  He especially excelled in his friendly attitude during patrol operations.  So his every smile and every good word was soothing and he was a man of gentle humor and strong character alike.

For further information and speculation about Uszer Goldring’s fate, see this.

____________________

Gorfein, Itzchak (יצחק גורפיין), Cpl., 17583
3rd Battalion
4/12/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,D,3
Haaretz 5/15/45; Palestine Post 5/15/45; Lifshitz – 255-256; We Will Remember Them I – 96, 245
(CWGC as “Gorfain, Itzchak”; Palestine Post as “Gorfajn, I.”; We Will Remember Them as “Gorfein, I”)

____________________

Gustin, Yosef (יוסף (יוסקה) גוסטין גורטין), Cpl., 15149
1st Battalion
3/29/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,B,2
Haaretz 4/13/45; Palestine Post 4/13/45; Lifshitz – 254-255; We Will Remember Them – 98, 245
(Palestine Post as “Gustin, Y.”)

(Photo via FindAGrave contributor Zvi Ben Moshe)

Yosef Gustin (יוסף (יוסקה) גוסטין גורטין) PAL/15149

(See also this…)

____________________

Herschkovits / Hershkovitz, Eliyahu (אליהו הרשקוביץ), Company Sergeant Major (WO 2C), PAL/38333
Military Medal for Awarded for “Extreme determination and courage in ousting the enemy from a succession of positions on Mount Ghabbeo feature on April 11, 1945.”
4/24/45 (mine explosion in front lines)
Born Ekron, Israel, 1911
Lived at Givat Brenner, Israel
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,D,7
Al Ha-Mishmar 5/20/45; Davar 5/21/45; HaMashkif 5/20/45; Jewish Chronicle 5/11/45, 6/2/45; Palestine Post 6/13/46; Lifshitz – 257-258; We Will Remember Them I – 102, 246; We Will Remember Them II – 80

(Photo via FindAGrave contributor Zvi Ben Moshe)

Eliyahu Hershkovits / Hershkovitz (אליהו הרשקוביץ) PAL/38333

(See also this…)

____________________

Hirshfeld, Tzvi (צבי הירשפלד), Pvt., 17140
3rd Battalion
4/23/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,D,6
Lifshitz – 259; We Will Remember Them I – 104, 246
(CWGC as “Hirschfeld, H.”; We Will Remember Them as “Hirshfeld, Tzvi”)

Kahn, J. (יוסף כהן), Cpl., 16706
1st Battalion
Died of wounds 4/7/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,C,5
Haaretz 5/4/45; Palestine Post 5/6/45; Lifshitz – 271-272; We Will Remember Them I – 110
(Palestine Post as “Kahn, J.”)

Kalter, Zalman (זלמן קלטר), Pvt., PAL/38462
3rd Battalion
3/20/45
Coriano Ridge War Cemetery, Riccione, Italy – III,G,10
Haaretz 4/1/45, 4/5/45; Palestine Post 4/2/45; Lifshitz – 293; We Will Remember Them I – 247
(Palestine Post as “Kaltair, Zalman”)

____________________

Koslovitz / Kozlowicz, Mattathiahu (מתתיהו קוזלוביץ), Cpl., PAL/17467
1st Battalion
Wounded 4/12/45 during crossing of Senio River; Died of wounds 5/22/45
Caserta War Cemetery, Italy – V,B,14
Haaretz 5/15/45; Palestine Post 5/15/45; Lifshitz – 292; We Will Remember Them I – 249
(CWGC as “Kozlowicz, M.”; We Will Remember Them as “Koslovitz, Mattathiahu”)

(Photo from The Book of the Jewish Brigade, p. 292)

Mattathiahu Koslovitz / Kozlowicz (מתתיהו קוזלוביץ) PAL/17467

(See also this…)

Died on 6th of Sivan 22.5.1945

He was hit in the chest by a shell as his regiment (the First Regiment) passed the Senio River.  His wound seemed slight: he was moved from one military hospital to another, recovered, and managed to walk.  But when he underwent surgery on 22.5.1945, he died suddenly during the operation.

He came to Israel as a child.  He went to elementary school and later to the “Max Fine” professional school and was also occupied in youth jobs.  He enlisted into the No. 20 infantry unit and like thousands of his comrades, tolerated inaction and guard duty.  When the Jewish Brigade was formed, and especially during the training period in Fuji [sic] he was happy and proud of himself.  He would say: “we have a real army”.  He was promoted to the rank of Corporal at the front line for his dedication and diligence.

Even as a child he was diligent and loved working, and was also loyal and dedicated to his friends and ideals.  He was loved by his friends in his platoon for his kindness, good spirit, cheerfulness, friendly attitude and willingness to help.  At the front line he demonstrated courage and willingness to do any job.  In the many letters he sent to his friends from the hospitals he was in, he expressed his desire to go back to the front lines.

____________________

Kurtzrock, Chaim (חיים קורצרוק), Cpl., 17526    
1st Battalion
3/29/45
Born 1914
Arrived in Eretz Israel in 1933; enlisted 1942

Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,A,7
Haaretz 4/13/45; Palestine Post 4/13/45; Jewish Chronicle 5/11/45; Lifshitz – 294; We Will Remember Them I – 114, 249
(CWGC as “Kurzrock, Chaim Heinrich”; Palestine Post as “Kurzrock, C.”; We Will Remember Them as “Kurtzrock, Chaim”)

____________________

Leizer, Shuli (שולי לייזר), Sgt., 17637
1st Battalion
3/31/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,A,8
Haaretz 4/27/45 (as “47637”); Palestine Post 4/27/45, 6/13/46; Lifshitz – 277-278; We Will Remember Them I – 118, 250
(CWGC as “Leiser, S.”; Palestine Post as “Leiser, S.”; We Will Remember Them as “Leizer, Shuli”)

(Photo from The Book of the Jewish Brigade, p. 277)

(Photo by FindAGrave researcher bbmir)

Shuli Leizer (שולי לייזר) PAL/17637

(See also this…)

____________________

Levy, Martin (מיכאל (מרטין) לוי), Sgt., 15160
1st Battalion
3/31/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,B,4
Haaretz 4/13/45; Palestine Post 4/13/45; Lifshitz – 282-283; We Will Remember Them I – 120, 250
(CWGC as “Levy, M.”; Palestine Post as “Levy, M.”; We Will Remember Them as “Levy, Michael (Martin)”)

Lewin, Baruch (ברוך (בורקה) לוין), Pvt., 38067
1st Battalion
3/30/45
Born 1914
Mr. D. Levin (father), Tel Aviv, Israel
Student at Hebrew University; enlisted 1942
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,B,6
Haaretz 4/13/45; Palestine Post 4/13/45; Jewish Chronicle 5/11/45; Lifshitz – 280-281; We Will Remember Them I – 122
(Palestine Post as “Levin, B.”)

Lieberman, Yoseph (יוסף ליברמן), Cpl., 38456
3rd Battalion
4/11/45
Born 1921
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,C,7
Haaretz 5/15/45; Palestine Post 5/15/45; We Will Remember Them I – 122, 250
(CWGC as “Liberman, J.”; Palestine Post as “Liberman, J.”; We Will Remember Them as “Lieberman, Yoseph”)

Mandel, David (דוד מנדל), Pvt., 16641
3rd Battalion
4/12/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,D,2
Haaretz 5/15/45; Palestine Post 5/15/45; Lifshitz – 284-285; We Will Remember Them I – 126, 251
(Palestine Post as “Mandel, D.”)

Mehlman, Moshe (משה מלמן), Sgt., 38412
3rd Battalion
Died of wounds 4/6/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,C,4
Haaretz 5/4/45; Palestine Post 5/6/45; Lifshitz – 281-282; We Will Remember Them I – 130, 252
(CWGC as “Mehlman, M.”; Palestine Post as “Mehlman, N.”; We Will Remember Them as “Melman, Moshe”)

Rabinovitz, Tanchum (תנחום רבינוביץ), Pvt., 17351
3rd Battalion
3/21/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,A,6
Haaretz 4/1/45, 4/5/45; Palestine Post 4/2/45; Lifshitz – 298; We Will Remember Them I – 142, 255
(CWGC as “Rabinowicz, Tanchum”; Palestine Post as “Rabinovitch, Tanhum”; We Will Remember Them as “Rabinovitz, Tanchum”)

Rizhi, Yitzchak (יצחק ריז’י), Sgt., 15142
1st Battalion
Died of wounds 3/29/45
Born 1910
From Ayelet Hashachar, Israel
Arrived in Eretz Israel from Poland in 1924; one of the founders of Hanita
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,B,1
Haaretz 4/13/45; Palestine Post 4/13/45; Jewish Chronicle 5/11/45; Lifshitz – 296-297; We Will Remember Them I – 152, 255; We Will Remember Them II – NL
(CWGC as “Ryzy, Isaac”; Palestine Post as “Ryzy, I.”; We Will Remember Them as “Ryzy, Isaac” and “Rizhi, Yitzchak”)

Rusak, Zeev (זאב (וולף) רוסק), Pvt., 17757
3rd Battalion
3/19/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,A,1
Haaretz 4/1/45, 4/5/45; Palestine Post 4/2/45; Lifshitz – 299; We Will Remember Them I – 152, 256
(CWGC as “Russak, Wolf”; Palestine Post as “Russak, Wolf”; We Will Remember Them as “Rusak, Zeev (Wolf)”)

Schleifstein, Asher (אשר שלייפשטיין), Pvt., PAL/15091
1st Battalion
4/7/45
Faenza War Cemetery, Faenza, Italy – VII,A,12
Haaretz 5/4/45; Palestine Post 5/6/45; Lifshitz – 303-304; We Will Remember Them I – 256
(CWGC as “Schleifstein, U.”; Palestine Post as “Schleinstein, U.”; We Will Remember Them as “Schleifstein, Asher”)

Schreer, Schlomo (שלמה שרייער), Pvt., 16727
1st Battalion
4/2/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,C,2
Haaretz 4/27/45; Palestine Post 4/27/45; Lifshitz – 300-301; We Will Remember Them I – 156, 257
(CWGC as “Schreer, S.”; Palestine Post as “Schreer, S.”; We Will Remember Them as “Shrier (Shrir), Shlomo” and “Screer, S”)

Shechter, Aryeh (אריה (ליונה) שכטר), Pvt., 17225
1st Battalion
3/31/45
Kibbutz Shamir, Israel
Born 1920
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,B,7
Haaretz 4/13/45; Palestine Post 4/13/45; Jewish Chronicle 5/11/45; Lifshitz – 306-307; We Will Remember Them I – 158
(Palestine Post as “Shechter, A.”)

____________________

Shiefer, Moshe (משה שיפר), Pvt., 38478
3rd Battalion
4/6/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – Collective Grave IV,D,5
Haaretz 5/4/45, 5/15/45; Palestine Post 5/6/45 (Missing Believed Killed); Palestine Post 5/15/45; Lifshitz – 307-308; We Will Remember Them I – 258; We Will Remember Them II – Not Listed
(CWGC as “Schipper, M.”; Palestine Post as “Shipper, M.”; We Will Remember Them as “Shiefer, Moshe”)

Sima, Yitzchak (יצחק סימא), Pvt., 38081
3rd Battalion
4/6/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – Collective Grave IV,D,5
Haaretz 5/4/45, 5/15/45; Palestine Post 5/6/45 (Missing Believed Killed); Palestine Post 5/15/45; Lifshitz – 286-287; We Will Remember Them I – 258
(Palestine Post as “Sima, I.”)

The collective grave of Privates Moshe Shiefer, Yitzhak Sima, and Moshe Ernest Wadel, and, Lieutenant David Anthony Van Gelder, from The Book of the Jewish Brigade (p. 262).  According to biographies of the four men at The Commemoration Site of Fallen Defense and Security Forces of Israel, they were killed when their “improved position”, on the bank of the Senio River, was bombed (?) by the Germans and set on fire.

__________

 

As can be seen in this image from FindAGrave, Moshe and Yitzhak are buried together… (Photo by FindAGrave researcher bbmir)

Moshe Shiefer (משה שיפר) 38478

(See also this…)

…and…

Yitzhak Sima (יצחק סימא) 38081

(See also this…)

____________________

Van Gelder, David Anthony (דוד-אנטוני ואן-גלדר), Lieutenant, 293265
The Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment)
4/6/45
Born 1924
Mr. and Mrs. Maurice Leonard and Rebecca Van Gelder (parents), Caterham, Surrey, England
242 Finchley Road, London, NW3, England
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – Collective Grave IV,D,5
The Jewish Chronicle 5/4/45; Lifshitz –263-264; We Will Remember Them I – 170, 260
(We Will Remember Them as “Van-Gelder, David A”; CWGC as “Van Gelder, Anthony David”.  Not listed as member of Palestine Regiment or Jewish Brigade, but in Lifschitz’s book.)

Wadel, Moshe Ernest (משה-ארנסט ואדל), Pvt., 38479
3rd Battalion
4/6/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – Collective Grave IV,D,5
Haaretz 5/4/45; Palestine Post 5/6/45 (Missing Believed Killed); Palestine Post 5/15/45; Lifshitz – 261; We Will Remember Them I – 172, 261; FindAGrave
(CWGC as “Wadel, Moshe”; Palestine Post as “Wadel, I.”; We Will Remember Them as “Wadel, M.” and “Wedel, Moshe”)

_____

…while David Anthony and Moshe Ernest share the same resting place.  (Photo by FindAGrave researcher bbmir)

David Anthony Van Gelder (דוד-אנטוני ואן-גלדר) 293265

(See also this…)

…and…

Moshe Ernest Wadel (משה-ארנסט ואדל) 38479

(See also this…)

____________________

Sulgaser, T.Y. (יעקב שולגסר), Pvt., 17809
3rd Battalion
3/20/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,A,4
Haaretz 4/1/45, 4/5/45; Palestine Post 4/2/45; Lifshitz – 304-305; We Will Remember Them I – 168
(Palestine Post as “Sulgash, Jacob”)

Sznejer, J.C.H. (יוסף-חיים שניאור), Cpl., 16789
1st Battalion
3/31/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,B,8
Haaretz 4/27/45; Palestine Post 4/27/45; Lifshitz – 301-302; We Will Remember Them I – 168
(CWGC as “Sznejer, J.C.H.”; Palestine Post as “Sznejer, J.”; We Will Remember Them as “Sznejer, J.C.H.”)

Tankelis, Zelig (זליג טנקל), Pvt., 16160
2nd Battalion
Died of wounds 4/13/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,D,4
Haaretz 5/15/45; Palestine Post 5/15/45; Lifshitz – 269-270; We Will Remember Them I – 168, 259
(CWGC as “Tankelis, Z.”; Palestine Post as “Tankelis, Z.”; We Will Remember Them as “Tenkel, Zelig”)

____________________

Weksler, Eliyahu (אליהו וקסלר), Cpl., 38621
3rd Battalion
4/11/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,D,1
Haaretz 5/15/45; Palestine Post 5/15/45; Lifshitz – 264-265; We Will Remember Them I – 174, 261
(CWGC gives name as “Weksler, E.”; Palestine Post as “Weksler, E.”; We Will Remember Them gives name as “Weksler, E.” (p. 174) and “Wechsler, Eliyahu” (p. 261))

Wieshbinski, M. (מיכאל ויז’בייסקי איזביצקי), Pvt., 17427
1st Battalion
3/29/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,B,3
Haaretz 4/13/45; Palestine Post 4/13/45; Lifshitz – 243-244; We Will Remember Them I – 174
(Palestine Post as “Wieshbinski, M.”)

Yaacoby, Nachum (מנחם יעקבי ברגר), Pvt., 14103
1st Battalion
Died of wounds 3/30/45
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,B,5
Haaretz 4/13/45; Palestine Post 4/13/45; Lifshitz – 272; We Will Remember Them I – 106, 262
(CWGC as “Jaacovi, Nachum”; Palestine Post as “Yaacovi, N.”; We Will Remember Them as “Yaacoby, Nachum”)

____________________

Zilberberg, Moshek Josif (משה זילברברג), Pvt., PAL/15435, Stretcher-Bearer, Military Medal
2nd Battalion
3/20/45 (“…he was shot dead by a sniper as he went into no-man’s land with a Red Cross flag in his hand to bring back a wounded man.”)
Ravenna War Cemetery, Piangipane, Ravenna, Italy – IV,A,2
Haaretz 4/1/45, 4/5/45, 4/13/45, 6/13/46; Palestine Post 4/2/45; Lifshitz – 266-267; We Will Remember Them I – 178, 263
(Palestine Post as “Silberberg, Moshe”)

_____

(Photo from The Book of the Jewish Brigade, p. 266)

(Photo by FindAGrave researcher bbmir)

Moshek Josif Zilberberg (משה זילברברג) PAL/15435 

(See also this…)

נפל ביום ו’ בניסן תש”ה, 20 במארס 1945

Friday, April 20, 1945 / Yom Shishi, 7th Iyar, 5705

ביום 19 במארס 1945, ה’ בניסן תש”ה ערכה פלוגתו (פלוגה ג’ של הגדוד השני) התקפה גלויה על האויב במטרה להגיע עד התעלה, שמאחוריה נתבצרו הגרמנים.  משה הוציא באלונקות את חבריו הפצועים משדה הקרב, פעם אחר פעם, מתוך סיכון-נפש תחת מטר כדורים והפצצות.  עם תום המערכה נשאר מרצונו הטוב בשדה וחיכה לאחרוני השבים כדי להראות להם את המעבר הנוח והבטוח ביותר לשוב בו.  באותו ערב אמר לחבר: ,,כנראה שאני מחוסן בפני כדירים, כי יצאתי היום שלם ממטר כדורים,,.  המיגיור האנגלי, מפקד פלוגתו, הביע באותו ערב הערכה לאומץ-לבו של משה והמליץ להעניק לו אות-הצטיינות.  למחרת היום, ב-20 במארס, כשחידשה פלוגתו את ההתקפה על האויב, חידש גם הוא את מעשי גבורתו ורץ גלוי לעיני האויב מפצוע לפצוע, כשדגל צלב האדום בידו.  אחד החיילים נפצע ונאנק, ו על אף אזהרות חבריו שלא להסתכן, יצא להגיש לו עזרה.  בו ברגע פגע בו כדור אויב והרגו במקום, ודגל הצלב האדום בידו.  אחרי מותו נתכבד באות ההצטיינות הצבאי

נולד בשנת , עם פרוץ מלחמת-העולם הראשונה, בפלונסק שבפולניה להורים דתיים, קיבל חינוך דתי ולמד בישיבה, ויחד עם זה מעורה היה בתנועת-נוער ציונות מימי ילדותו.  בגיל 18 היה בין מייסדי פלוגות ההכשרה בנאדבורנה (גליציה).  בשנת 1935 עלה לארץ ועבד כפועל.  כשפרצו המאורעות בארץ בשנת 1936 היה פעיל בשורות הבטחון.  בשנים 1938-1939 עבד כנוטר.  פעם בעמדו על משמרתו ביער להגן על אחת הנקודות עם עוד חבר מחברין, הותקפו על-ידי כנופיה ערבית והחבר נפל מת ומשה שנפצע קשה המשיך לירות עד שהדף את המתקיפים ואחר כך הרכיב את חברו על כתפיו והביאו אל המושבה.  אותו פצע כמעט הטרידו מן העולם והרופאים אמרו נואש לחיין ,אך הוא חפץ חיים היה ובשארית כוחותיו נלחם במוות ויוכל לו.  כאשר החלים ציינו כולם את הדבר כנס ופלא.  לאחר שהבריא חזר לנוטרות.  כשקמה תנועת הגיוס ל,,באפס,, התגייס ואמר לאשתו: ,,נולדתי בתקופת מלחמה ואני מוכרח להילחם,,.  באוקטוכר 1944 עבר יחד עם גדודו לחי”ל. 

ספר וחזן ונושא-אלונקות היה בחטיבה, ובכל המקצועות האלה נצטיין הן מבחינת הידיעה והן מבחינת המסירות.  כספר היה חביב על כל החיילים והקצינים.  בהיותו בעל קול ערב ומוכשר, היה עובר לפני התיבה כחזן קבוע בבית-הכנסת של הגדוד השני והיה מנעים את התפילות לפני קהל החיילים.  כל אנשי הגדוד השני זטכרים לו לטוכה את התפילות, שעוך בימים הנוראים ובמועדיה לפי המנגינות המסורתיות.  ביחוד נחקקה בזכרונם תפילת ,,כל נדרי,, בליל הכיפורים תש”ה במדבר המערבי בין בנגזי לדרנה תחת כיפת השמים, בשעת מסעם מתחותם הישנה אל-עבייר ליד בנגזי לבורג-אל-ערב, מקום רכוז החטיבה (לעיל פרק’ סעיף ב’).  במשך שירותו בצבא שמר על קשרים עם המסורת ועם החיילים הדתיים.  עם אירגונו של הגרעין הדתי להתישבות נצטרף אליו.  כנושא-אלונקות בז היה לפגזי האויב וצעד בגלוי לחבוש פצועים נקובי-כדורים, זבידם ומחוסרי-הכרה, לחוקם ולעודדם.  ולא חלילה מפני שמאס בחיים התנהג כך, להיפך, חפץ חיים היה, כאמור, אלא לנקום רצה מידי הגרמנום אם דם משפחתו ודם בית ישראל, שנשפך בפולנוה, כדכריו במכתבו לביתו מיום 10 במארס 1945: ,,ביד חזקה ובזרוע נטויה נלך קדימה עד נצחוננו הגמור על אויבינו,,.  והיות והוא עצמו לא היה לוחם, רצה להציל לוחמום, שיוכלו הם להרוג ולהשמיד את צוררי היהודים, גם טוב-לבו הביאהו להקרבת עצמו. 

לבו ניבא לו את מותו.  בשעת ביקורו האחרון בביתו אמר לרעיתו: ,,הקריירה שלי כבר נגמרה,,. כן הביע את חרדתו לגורלו במכתביו האחרונים מקווי החזית.  נזכרהו כאחד מבני-העם האלמונים והצנועים, שקידש במותו את גבורת ישראל. 

__________

He fell on Friday, March 20, 1945

On March 19, 1945, the fifth of Nisan 5705, his company (Company C of the Second Battalion) made an open attack on the enemy in order to reach the canal (Fosso Vetro), behind which the Germans were fortified.  Moshe retrieved his wounded comrades from the battlefield on stretchers, time and time again, under mental danger beneath a barrage of bullets and bombs.  At the end of the campaign he remained of his own free will in the field and waited for the last of the returnees, to show them the easiest and safe passage to return.  That evening he said to a friend: “Apparently I am vaccinated against bullets, because I remained out of the “rain” for a whole day.”  The English major, the commander of his company, that evening expressed appreciation for Moshe’s courage and recommended that he be awarded the Medal of Excellence.  The next day, on March 20, when his company resumed its attack on the enemy, he also resumed his heroic deeds and ran openly in front of the enemy from wounded to wounded, with the Red Cross flag in his hand.  One of the soldiers was wounded and groaned, and despite warnings from his comrades not to take the risk, went out to help him.  At that moment an enemy bullet hit him and killed on the spot, with the Red Cross flag in his hand.  After his death we will be honored with the Medal of Merit [Military Medal; M.M.].

Born in the same year, with the outbreak of World War I, in Płońsk, Poland, to religious parents, he received a religious education and studied in a yeshiva, and at the same time he was involved in the Zionist youth movement from his childhood.  At the age of 18 he was one of the founders of the training companies in Nadborna (Galicia).  In 1935 he immigrated to Israel and worked as a laborer.  When the events in the country broke out in 1936, he was active in the security ranks.  In the years 1938-1939 he worked as a notary.  Once standing on his guard in the woods to defend one of the points with another friend of theirs, they were attacked by an Arab gang and the friend fell dead, and Moshe who was badly wounded continued to shoot until he repelled the attackers and then mounted his friend on his shoulders and brought him to the colony.  The same wound was almost took him from the world and the doctors said his life was desperate, but he wanted to live and with the rest of his strength he fought death.  When he recovered, everyone mentioned the conversation with wonder.  After recovering he returned to Notre Dame.  When the recruitment movement for “Buffs” arose, he enlisted and said to his wife: “I was born in a time of war and I have to fight.”  In October 1944, he moved with his battalion to the army.

Sefer and Hazan and a member of stretcher-bearers in the division, and in all these professions he would excel both in terms of knowledge and dedication.  As a sefer he was a favorite of all the soldiers and officers.  Having a deep voice and being talented, he would pass in front of the ark as a regular cantor in the synagogue of the Second Battalion and would recite the prayers in front of the soldiers.  All the members of the second battalion remember the prayers for him, which are sung during the days of awe and times according to the traditional melodies.  In particular, the prayer “Kol Nidre” was engraved in their memory on the night of Yom Kippur 5755 in the western desert between Benghazi and Darna in the open air, during their journey from their old stretch of al-Abiyar near Benghazi to Burg-al-Arab.  During his service in the army he maintained ties with tradition and with religious soldiers. With the organization of the religious nucleus for settlement, he will join it.  As the subject of stretcher-bearers he was to the enemy shells and openly marched to carry the bullet-ridden and unconscious wounded; to arm and encourage them.  And, not God forbid, because he was tired of life behaving like this, on the contrary, Hefetz Chaim was, as mentioned, but seeking revenge from the Germans for the blood of his family and the blood of Beit Yisrael, spilled in Poland, as he wrote in his letter to his home dated March 10, 1945: “On our enemies …”  And since he himself was not a warrior, he wanted to save warriors, so that they could kill and destroy the oppressors of the Jews; even his kindness led him to sacrifice himself.

His heart foretold his death.  During his last visit to his home, he told his wife: “My career is over”.  He also expressed his anxiety about his fate in his recent letters from the front lines.  He is remembered as one of the anonymous and humble people who consecrated the heroism of Israel in his death.

________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

________________________________________

References

“Gelber 1984” – Gelber, Yoav, Jewish Palestinian Volunteering in the British Army During the Second World War – Volume IV – Jewish Volunteers in British Forces, World War II, Yav Izhak Ben-Zvi Publications, Jerusalem, Israel, 1984

Lifshitz, Jacob (יעקב, ליפשיץ), The Book of the Jewish Brigade: The History of the Jewish Brigade Fighting and Rescuing [in] the Diaspora (Sefer ha-Brigadah ha-Yehudit: ḳorot ha-ḥaṭivah ha-Yehudit ha-loḥemet ṿeha-matsilah et hagolah ((גולהה קורות החטיבה היהודית הלוחמת והמצילה אתספר הבריגדה היהודית)), Shim’oni (שמעוני), Tel-Aviv, Israel, 1950

“We Will Remember Them I” – Morris, Henry, Edited by Gerald Smith, We Will Remember Them – A Record of the Jews Who Died in the Armed Forces of the Crown 1939 – 1945, Brassey’s, London, England, 1989

“We Will Remember Them II” – Morris, Henry, Edited by Hilary Halter, We Will Remember Them – A Record of the Jews Who Died in the Armed Forces of the Crown 1939 – 1945 – An Addendum, AJEX, London, England, 1994

Prisoners of War – Armies and Other Land Forces of The British Empire, 1939-1945 (“All Lists Corrected Generally Up to 30th March 1945), J.B. Hayward & Son, in Association with The Imperial War Museum Department of Printed Books, Polstead, Suffolk, England, 1990 (First published in 1945 by His Majesty’s Stationary Office)

The Reconstruction of Memory: Soldiers of Aufbau – Views of the Past

And, yet more news from Aufbau.

Or, should I say more “views” from Aufbau?

Following the theme of my prior posts concerning the World War Two German exile newspaper Aufbau (“Construction”), such as this and this, here – based on my review of the on-line version of the periodical – is a list of the 252 new items published from December of 1939 through March of 1946 that were accompanied by, or much more often solely comprised of, photographs.  The original German text accompanying each image appears as boldface, and is followed by my English-language translation (which was not – ! – published in Aufbau).

As an example, one of the photographs listed below is captioned “Eine Fliegende Festung kehrt beschadigt zuruck (Harris Goldberg) (“A Flying Fortress Returns Damaged – (Harris Goldberg)”).  The man referred to was Sergeant Harris Benjamin Goldberg (10601005) of Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, who served as a Wellington air gunner in Number 70 Squadron Royal Air Force (in which he completed 42 missions), and subsequently in the 8th Air Force of the United States Army Air Force, as a B-17 Flying Fortress tail gunner in the 306th and 482nd Bomb Groups (in which he completed a combined total of 21 missions), and finally 384th Bomb Group (in which he flew six missions).

Sergeant Goldberg appears in the image below, published in the September 8, 1944 issue of Aufbau.  Typical of newspaper photographs, the image was printed as a halftone photo.  Thus, it’s kind of fuzzy. 

____________________

Here’s a vastly better version of the same photo, as published in The First of the Many in 1944.    

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Another picture of Sergeant Goldberg and the damaged B-17 is Army Air Force photo B25804AC (A5514).  Though the caption lists the date of the image as July 15, 1943, this damage actually occurred during the 306th Bomb Group’s mission to the Villacoublay Aircraft Repair Depot at Paris, France, on July 14, 1943, the aircraft having been B-17F 42-29959 (the un-nicknamed GY * M) of the 367th Bomb Squadron, piloted by 1 Lt. W.W. Thomas.  As recorded in the crew’s Interrogation Form, “Our dorsal fin (vertical stabilizer) blown half away by 20mm from 190 a few seconds before secondary [target].”  Though the aircraft was also struck by flak in the radio room, fortunately, there were no injuries to any of the bomber’s crew. 

____________________

And so, the list of photos.  A story and more could be written about every one.  

Date Title
12/39 Auf Der Wacht (“On The Watch”)
4/40 Training in Palästina (“Training in Palestine”)
5/40 Für Palästina und England! (“For Palestine and England!”)
5/40 Unbesiegte polnische Fahnen (“Undefeated Polish Flags”)
6/40 Massenmeeting Jabotinsky-Patterson
8/40 Der Segen des Rabbi – Die judischen Soldaten der französischen Armee trafen sich vor ihrer Demobilisierung noch einmal bei einem Gottesdienst und beteten für Frankreich  (“The blessing of the rabbi – The Jewish soldiers of the French army met before their demobilization once again during a service and prayed for France (“The Blessing of the Rabbi”)”)
11/40 Den Nazis mitten ins Herz (“The Nazis in the middle of the heart”)
12/40 Jüdische Scharfschutzen werden in Palästina ausgebildet (“Jewish Snipers are Trained in Palestine”)
12/40 Ahasverus 1940
12/40 Der Rabbiner von Harlem – Rabbi Matthews, der die jüdische Negersynagoge in Harlem leitet und über dessen Predigten wir des öfteren berichtet haben.  (“The Rabbi of Harlem – Rabbi Matthews, who directs the Jewish Negro synagogue in Harlem and whose sermons we have often reported.”)
2/41 In der jüdischen Fliegerschule in New Jersey (“In the Jewish Flying School in New Jersey”)
3/41 Wir reiten…  Wir reiten…  (“We Ride… We Ride…”)
5/41 Wacht am Jordan (“Watch on the Jordan [River]”)
7/41 Zum kampf für Unabhängigkeit und Freiheit – Jüdische Soldaten der palästinenischen Armee auf einem Uebungsmarsch (“On the struggle for Independence and Freedom – Jewish Soldiers of the Palestinian Army on a Practice March”)
8/41 Palästinas Jüden in Waffen (“Palestinian Jews at Arms”)
8/41 Der Geist Von 5701 Wird Der Geist Von 5702 Sein (Photo used in Pierre Van Paassen’s “The Fighting Jew“) (“The Spirit of 5701 Will be The Spirit of 5702”) 
12/41 Jüdische Soldaten marschieren – Wahrend der in Palästina Mitte Oktober abgehaltenen Rekrutierungswoche haben judische Soldaten im Atadion von Tel-Aviv eine Parade abgehalten (“Jewish soldiers marching – During the recruitment week held in Palestine in mid-October, Jewish soldiers held a parade in the Atadion of Tel-Aviv”)
12/41 Colonel M.J. Mendelsohn
12/41 Eine jüdische Sanitats-Kolonne (“A Jewish Medical Column”)
12/41 Sie verteidigen ihre Heimet (“They Defended Their Home”)
12/41 Frauen in Uniform (“Women in Uniform”)
3/42 Jüdische Rekrutinnen des Auxiliary Territorial Service (“Jewish recruits of the Auxiliary Territorial Service”)
5/42 Ein amerikanischer Volksheld – Meyer Levin (“An American National Hero – Meyer Levin”)
5/42 Frauen Im Krieg (“Woman at War”)
5/41 Wacht am Jordan  (“Watch on the Jordan”)
6/42 Aufbruch zur Front: Taglich rucken neue judische Einheiten ins Feld (“On the Way to the Front: New Jewish units Jostle in the Field”)
6/42 Unter der weiss-blauen Fahne auf der Wacht an der palästinenischen Küste – Neun Schiffe der jungen jüdischen Handelsflotte sind im Dienst der britischen Marine (“Under the White-Blue Flag on Guard on the Palestinian Coast – Nine Ships of the young Jewish Merchant Fleet are serving the British Navy”)
6/42 Vor dem Rekrutierugnsburo der Jewish Agency (“Before the Recruiting Bureau of the Jewish Agency”)
6/42 Die Ernte (“The Harvest”)
7/42 Private Louis Schleifer
8/42 Die WAACS in Erez Israel heissen PATS (“The WAACS [Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps] in the Land of Israel are called PATS” [Palestine Auxiliary Territorial Service])
8/42 Helden unserer Zeit – Es bekamen die hochsten amerikanirshen Orden (Caplan, Friedman, Frumkin, Isquith, Kramer, Levin, Mark, Schleifer, York) (“Heroes of Our Time – They Received the Highest American Medals”)
8/42 Im Schatten des Migdal David – Judsiche Soldaten des palästinenischen Buffs-Regiment trainieren zum Kampf gegen Rommel.  Von 584,000 Juden in Palästina dienen 47,000 Männer und Frauen in der Landesverteidigung.  (“In the shadow of the Tower of David – Jewish soldiers of the Palestinian Buffs Regiment train to fight Rommel.  Of 584,000 Jews in Palestine, 47,000 men and women serve in the defense of the country.”)
9/42 Jüdisch-palästinensische Soldaten in New York (Bonah, Leichter, Puttermilk, Schwarz) (“Jewish-Palestinian Soldiers in New York”)
11/42 Zwei Momente vom “Meyer Levin Day” in Brooklyn (“Two Moments From “Meyer Levin Day” in Brooklyn”)
11/42 Flugabwehr-Geschutz im Kampf (“Anti-Aircraft Defense in Combat”)
11/42 Jüdische Freiwillige vom Buff-Regiment im Angriff (“Jewish Volunteers from the Buff Regiment in the Attack”)
11/42 Jüdische Soldaten aller Nationen in der alten Synagoge von Jerusalem vor dem Gottesdienst (“Jewish Soldiers of all Nations in the Old Synagogue of Jerusalem before Worship”)
11/42 Palästinensische Schützen: Blaue Bohnen für Rommel (“Palestinian Gunners: Blue Beans [?] for Rommel”)
11/42 So wurde für den Kampf trainiert: Ueberwindung von Hindernissen in voller Marschausrüstung (“Thus was Trained for the Battle: Overcoming Obstacles in Full March Equipment”)
11/42 Er sol die Hungrigen speisen (“He Should Feed the Hungry”)
12/42 Ehrung eines judischen Helden (Samuel B. Frankel) (“Tribute to a Jewish Hero”)
12/42 First Lieutenant Roy Bright
12/42 Ein Freund des judischen Volkes (Pierre von Paassen) (“A Friend of the Jewish People (Pierre von Paassen)”)
12/42 Refugee unterrichtet “Judo” (“Refugees Teach “Judo””)
1/43 Die jüdische Frau marschiert – Mitglieder der PATS bei einer Demonstration durch die Strassen Tel Avivs (“The Jewish Woman Marches – Members of the PATS during a Demonstration through the Streets of Tel Aviv”)
2/43 Sprechende Mauern – “WE ASK FOR A JEWISH ARMY” (“Talking Walls – “We Ask for a Jewish Army””)
2/43 Corp. Peter O. Binswanger
2/43 98 Stars – 98 Immigrant Soldiers
3/43 P-40 “Loyalty” (“P-40 [Warhawk Fighter Plane] “Loyalty””)
3/43 P-40 “Loyalty” (“P-40 [Warhawk Fighter Plane] “Loyalty””)
3/43 In Hoc Signo Vinces – P-40 “Loyalty” (“In This Sign You Will Conquer – P-40 [Warhawk Fighter Plane] “Loyalty””)
4/43 Russland ehrt einen judischen General (Lev Dovator postal stamp) (“Russia Honors a Jewish General”)
4/43 Der fruhere osterreichische Boxmeister Bobby Spuner bei den Pionieren (“The Former Austrian Boxing Champion Bobby Spuner Among the Pioneers”)
4/43 Erstes Training am Maschinengewehr (“First Training on the Machine-Gun”)
5/43 A Girl in the Army (Della Lorig)
5/43 An Artist in the Army (Eric Rosenblith)
5/43 Twins in the Army (Heinz and Erich Vorsanger)
5/43 Ein Oelgemalde des judischen Helden Meyer Levin (“An Oil Painting of the Jewish Hero Meyer Levin”)
6/43 Ein Jüdischer Indianertempel – Unter dem hölzernen Magen David dieses Temples in Mexico: der Rabbiner dieser Indianer jüdischen Glaubens und (links) E.E. Kisch, der ihn “entdeckt” hat  (“A Jewish Indian temple – Under the wooden Star of David of this temple in Mexico: The rabbi of these Indians of Jewish faith and (left) E.E. Kish, who “discovered” it”)
6/43 Hakenkreuz und Palme sind die Insignia des Afrikakorps (Herman Noschkes) (“Swastika and Palm are the Insignia of the Afrika Corps (Herman Noschkes)”)
6/43 Im Gefecht verwundet (“Wounded in Battle”)
7/43 Petty Officer Harry Heyman und seine Frau Martha (“Petty Officer Harry Heyman and his wife Martha”)
8/43 Private John Goetz
8/43 Jüdischer Matrosen-Gottesdienst – “Irgendwo in den Vereinigten Staaten” wohnen Matrosen der U.S. Navy einem jüdischen Gottesdienst bei.  Jedem der Dienstweige der amerikanischen Wermacht sind jüdische, katholische und protestantische Geistliche zugeteilt, die für die religiösen Bedürfnisse der Soldaten sorgen.  (“Jewish Seamans’ Service – “Somewhere in the United States” seamen of the U.S. Navy at a Jewish service. To each of the servants of the American power are assigned Jewish, Catholic, and Protestant clerics who care for the religious needs of the soldiers.”)
8/43 Im Dienst des Landes – Theodore Katz (“In the Service of the Country – Theodore Katz”)
9/43 Goldstrom, Hirschmann, Leib, Leiser, Loven, Pfifferling, Wollenberg
9/43 Palästinensische Matrosen, die als Freiwillige in der englischen Navy dienen, tanzen in ihrer Freizeit eine Horrah (Photo via National Labor Committee for Palestine) (“Palestinian Sailors, who serve as Volunteers in the English Navy, dance a hora in Their Spare Time
10/43 Dein Blut hilft ihnen! (“Your Blood Helps Them”)
11/43 Rosch Hoschanah-Feld-Gottesdienst im sudlichen Pazifik (Signal Corps Photo) (“Rosh Hashanah Field Religious Service in the Southern Pacific”)
11/43 Der Tod für die Freiheit (Pvt. Ernest Lilienstein) (“Death for Freedom (Pvt. Ernest Lilienstein)”)
12/43 Loyalty in Action
12/43 Der letzte Brief des Private Herz (“The Last Letter of Private Herz”)
12/43 Wie George Wolf fiel – Leben und Ende eines deutschjüdischen Kriegsfreiwilligen, der für die Freiheit starb (“As George Wolf Fell – The life and End of a German-Jewish War Volunteer who Died for Freedom”)
12/43 Die jüdische Frau kämpft mit – In einer Minenfabrik in Palästina helfen die Frauen bei der Herstellung und Füllung von Landminen (“The Jewish Woman Fights With – In a Mine Factory in Palestine, Women Help with the Production and Filling of Land-Mines”)
12/43 2,500 jüdische Matrosen der U.S. Navy feierten Chanukka in der Naval Training Station, Sampson, N.Y. (“2,500 Jewish Sailors of the U.S. Navy celebrated Hanukkah in the Naval Training Station, Sampson, N.Y.”)
1/44 Werner Cahn gefallen (“Werner Cahn, Fallen”)
1/44 Jüdische WAAF in Palästina – Ein Mitglied der WAAF mit der hebräischen Achselklappe “Erez Israel” (Photo: British Combine) (“Jewish WAAF in Palestine – A member of the WAAF with the Hebrew Epaulet “Erez Israel” (Photo: British Combine)”)
1/44 Sein letzter Urlaub – Ludwig Lesser in treuer Pflichterfüllung im Camp gestorben (“His Last Leave – Ludwig Lesser Died in a Loyal Service at Camp”)
2/44 Richard Fromm
2/44 In Italien gefallen – Otto W. Steinberg (“Fallen in Italy – Otto W. Steinberg”)
2/44 Vor Cassino verwundet (Peter Rosenberg) (“Wounded Before Cassino”)
3/44 Pvt. Henry Heymann
3/44 Alle Vier Sohne in der Armee (Fred, Gunther, Henry, and Kurt Marcus) (“All Four Sons in the Army”)
3/44 Der 69jahrige RAF-Wing Commander, Lionel Cohen (“The 69-year-old RAF Wing Commander, Lionel Cohen”)
3/44 Die 19j. jugoslawische Guerillakämpferin Vera Krizman (aus Laibach gehört zu den Streitkräften den Generals Tito, die am Isonzo gegen die Nazis kämpfen. – Vera Krizman hat 19 Nazi-Soldaten abgeschossen.) (Photo: Signal Corps Photo from OWI [Office of War Information])  (“The 19 year old Yugoslav guerrilla warrior Vera Krizman from Ljubljana belongs to the armed forces of General Tito, who are fighting against the Nazis on the Isonzo – Vera Krizman shot down 19 Nazi soldiers.)  (Photo: Signal Corps Photo from OWI [Office of War Information])”)
4/44 Sgt. Ernest Leopold Palm
5/4 Zweimal Sgt. Richard Stern – in der kaiserlichen deutschen Armee in Ersten Weltkrieg und als amerikanischer Soldat in Zweiten Weltkrieg  (“Sgt. Richard Stern Twice – In the Imperial German Army in the First World War and as an American Soldier in World War II”)
5/44 In Burma gefallen – Pvt. Heinz A. Sander (“Fallen in Burma – Pvt. Heinz A. Sander”)
5/44 Corp. Harold Monash
5/44 Pvt. Eric M. Heilbronn
5/44 Pvt. Ernest Strauss
5/44 Die erste RAF-Synagoge (“The First R.A.F. Synagogue”)
5/44 Einer von Vielen – Guenther L. Schleimer – Held von Anzio Beachhead (“One of Many – Guenther L. Schleimer – Hero of the Anzio Beachhead”)
6/44 Lt. Abraham Condiotti
6/44 Der Konig und die Konigin von England (Martin Engel) (“The King and Queen of England”)
6/44 Pvt. Eric Hirschmann
7/44 Ein Sohn des judisches Volkes (Ivan D. Chernyakhovsky) (“A Son of the Jewish People”)
7/44 Für ihre neue Heimat gefallen (Bruno Loeb; William B. Flesch) (“Fallen for Their New Home”)
7/44 Ein Nazi aus meiner Wohnung! – Breslauer U.S. Soldat trifft Breslauer Nazi Soldaten (Howard Fischer) (“A Nazi from My Apartment! – Breslauer U.S. Soldier meets Breslauer Nazi Soldiers (Howard Fischer)”)
7/44 Mit dem Purple Heart ausgezeichnet (Kurt Abraham; Julius Dukas) (“Excellent with the Purple Heart”)
8/44 Der Gruss an das Land der Freiheit – Die Flüchtlinge sehen Amerika  (“The Greeting to the Land of Freedom – The Refugees see America”)
8/44 Cpl Robert Maerz der am D-Day in Frankreich gefallen ist (“Cpl. Robert Maerz, who died on D-Day in France”)
8/44 Fur die neue Heimat gefallen (PFC Martin Muller) (“Fallen for the New Homeland”)
8/44 Fur die neue Heimat gefallen (Pvt. Harry Gunther) (“Fallen for the New Homeland”)
8/44 Pvt. Renate Benisch
8/44 PFC Peter Rosenberg, der am Rapido Fluss bei Cassino verwundet wurde (“PFC Peter Rosenberg, who was wounded at the Rapido River near Cassino”)
8/44 Kurt Lesser, Technician 3rd Grade
8/44 Ernst Mandowsky
8/44 Master Sergeant Charles Stoll und Corporal Liebenstein, die gemeinsam mit ihren Lieutenant 32 Nazis gefangen genommen haben (“Master Sergeant Charles Stoll and Corporal Liebenstein, who Captured 32 Nazis together with Their Lieutenant”)
8/44 Pvt. Emanuel Reder
8/44 Von Cassino heimgekehrt (Hermann Rosenberg) (“Coming Home from Cassino (Herman Rosenberg)”)
9/44 Der Kriegstod Egon Bruenells (“The Military Death of Egon Bruenell”)
9/44 Edward J. Frosh
9/44 Pvt. Arthur Ullendorf
9/44 Fliegeroffizier Arthur I Goldman (“Flying Officer Arthur I. Goldman”)
9/44 PFC Ernest Pessel
9/8/44 Eine Fliegende Festung kehrt beschadigt zuruck (Harris Goldberg) (“A Flying Fortress Returns Damaged – (Harris Goldberg)”)
9/44 Rosch Haschonah an der alliierten Schlachtfront (“Rosh Hashanah on the Allied Battlefront”)
9/44 Heniz Thannhauser
9/44 Pvt. Josef E. Kahn
9/44 Pvt. Kurt Reinheimer
9/44 Captain I. Fissanovich
9/44 U.S. Fliegerleutnant Jakob Gotthold (“U.S. Flight Lieutenant Jakob Gotthold”)
10/44 PFC Alfred Hirsch
10/44 Nachrichten von unseren Boys (Driver Walter Bingham, Bill Leib, Cpl. Walter Fleischmann (“News From Our Boys”)
10/44 Corporal Joseph Catton
10/44 Die American Legion bietet den JWV für den Kampf gegen intoleranz ihre Hilfe an  (“The American Legion offers the JWV their help in the Fight against Intolerance”)
10/44 Pro Libertate – Pvt. Bertold Adler (“For Freedom – Pvt. Bertold Adler”)
10/44 Pro Libertate – Pvt. Gerhard Buehler (“For Freedom – Pvt. Gergard Buehler”)
10/44 PFC Julius Jonas
11/44 PFC Henry L. Hanauer
11/44 Pvt. Paul H. Hertz
11/44 Die Jüdische Brigade Marschiert – Die erste, innerhalb der britischen Armee gebildete jüdische Brigade, bei einer Parade (Photo: British Combine)  (“The Jewish Brigade Marches – The First Jewish Brigade formed within the British Army, at a Parade (Photo: British Combine)”)
12/44 Cpl. Eric Nathan
12/44 S/Sgt. Kurt Popper
12/44 Anneliese Ostrogorski
12/44 Pvt. Fred M. Harlam – Als 4-F fur die Freiheit gefallen (“Private Fred M. Harlam – A 4-F Fallen for Freedom”)
1/45 Sgt. Paul Mayer
1/45 Zwei Refugee-Soldaten helfen bei der Eroberung von Metz (Strauss, Tillinger) (“Two Refugee Soldiers Assist in the Conquest of Metz”) (Strauss, Tillinger)
1/45 PFC Henry Menkes
1/45 S/Sgt. Bernard Gaertner
1/45 Sgt. Alfred Nightingale
2/45 Corp. T/5 John Weill
2/45 PFC Alfred Behr
2/45 Pvt. Freddie Linton
2/45 T/Sgt. John Loewenthal
2/45 PFC Ferdinand Epstein
2/45 PFC Gerhard Heymann
2/45 S/Sgt. Alfred Rosenthal
2/45 Gen. Ivan D. Chernyakovsky
2/45 Sgt. Alexander H. Hirsch
2/45 Die beiden nordlichsten Leser des “Aufbau” (Goldschmidt, Altschul, Choret (Zimak)) (“The two Northernmost Readers of “Aufbau””)
2/45 Sgt. Eric Reilinger
3/45 First Sgt. Alfred Eisenmann
3/45 PFC Arthur Heinz Gottschalk
3/45 PFC Richard L. Norman
3/45 PFC Steve L. Schoenwalter
3/45 Pvt. Hans Meissner
3/45 Brigadier Ernest Frank Benjamin inspiziert eine neue Einheit der alljüdischen Brigade (“Brigadier Ernest Frank Benjamin inspected a New Unit of the all-Jewish Brigade”)
3/45 Drei Freunde in Palastina – Herz, Popper, Salm (“Three Friends in Palestine”)
3/45 99 Nazis gefangen genommen (PFC Alphonse Jacobs) (“99 Nazis Captured”)
3/45 Refugeesoldaten werden ausgezeichnet (Pvt. Walter S. Beckhard, Sgt. Hans Levi) (“Refugees are Awarded”)
3/45 Sie lebten drei jahre untergrund (Leo Keller – Josef and Johanna Keller) (“They Lived Three Years Underground”)
3/45 Wiedersehen in Rom (Henry B. Nussbaum) (“Sightseeing in Rome”)
3/45 2nd Lt. Alfred Kupferschmidt
3/45 PFC Frank Kurzinger
3/45 Pvt. Ernest Schiffres
3/45 Die erste fahrbare Synagogen-Ambulanz an der Westfront  (“The First Mobile Synagogue Ambulance on the Western Front”)
3/45 Sgt. Eric Goldsmith
4/45 Ein Aufruf, der alle angeht: 10,000 Jungens brauchen uns – ‘Aufbau’ und ‘Our Boys Club’ starten eine Sonder-Aktion für die ‘Jüdische Brigade’  (“A call to Everyone: 10,000 boys need us – ‘Aufbau’ and ‘Our Boys Club’ are starting a special action for the ‘Jewish Brigade'”)
4/45 Gestern Sklaven der Nazis (“Yesterday Slaves of the Nazis”)
4/45 Heute Soldaten der Freiheit (“Today Soldiers of Freedom”)
4/45 Sie warten auf Dich – Ein paar von den Jungens der Jüdischen brigade, die sich freuen werden, Pakete aus Amerika zu bekommen und zu wissen, dass man an sie und ihre Kameraden denkt, die zum ersten Mal seit den Tagen der Makkabäer wieder seblständig unter dem Davidstern kämpfen.  (“They are waiting for you – A couple of the boys of the Jewish brigade who will be happy to get packages from America and to know that they and their comrades are being thought of, who for the first time since the days of the Maccabees, fight under the Star of David.”)
4/45 Eisenstaedt, Lubow, Mosback
4/45 Sergeant Rudi Graf (New York)
4/45 Maj. Gen. Maurice Rose verleiht dem M/Sgt. Sidney Lee (Levi aus Koln) den Bronze Star (“Major General Maurice Rose gives Master Sergeant Sidney Lee (Levi from Koln) the Bronze Star”)
4/45 Die Kämpfe des Flugzeuges “Loyalty” – 57 Kampfmissionen in drei Monaten  (“The battles of the [fighter] plane “Loyalty” – 57 combat missions in three months”)
4/45 Jüdische Brigade im Kampf (“Jewish Brigade at War”)
4/45 Gerald (Jerry) Beigel
5/45 PFC Harry Kaufman
5/45 Pvt. Fred Finsterwald
5/45 Norman Lourie – der offizielle britische Kriegskorespondent bei der Jüdischen Brigade in Italien (“Norman Lourie – The Official British Military Correspondent of the Jewish Brigade in Italy”)
5/45 Der Held von Okinawa (Leo Rosskamm) (“The Hero of Okinawa”)
5/45 PFC Curtis Field
5/45 PFC Eric Wertheim
5/45 PFC Leo Kent (Kendziora)
5/45 S/Sgt. Erich I. Goldschmidt
5/45 S/Sgt. Stephen Sigmund Mosbacher
5/45 2nd Lt. Philip Zinner (New York) wurde von dem kürzlich gefallenen Maj. Gen. Maurice Rose mit den Bronze Star ausgezeichnet  (“2nd Lt. Philip Zinner (New York), chosen by the recently fallen Maj. Gen. Maurice Rose, was awarded the Bronze Star”)
5/45 They Died Together – Why Can’t They Live Together?
5/45 Pvt. Adolf Rosenzweig
5/45 Pvt. Arnold A. Masse
5/45 Friedmann, Loewenstein
6/45 S/Sgt. Martin H. Neuhaus
6/45 Pilot Perry and Loyalty – Kampf und Ende des von der Immigration gestifteten Warhawk P-40 (“Pilot Perry and Loyalty – Battle and end of the Immigration-Donated P-40 Warhawk”)
6/45 Manfred Selig
6/45 PFC Arthur Einstein
6/45 Erster in Oslo (Sgt. Eric Stern) (“First in Oslo (Sgt. Eric Stern)”)
6/45 Einladung an alle Leser des “Aufbau” (notice) – Die Abenteuer der Loyalty  (“Invitation to all readers of “Aufbau” (notice) – The Adventures of Loyalty”)
6/45 Begegnung mit dem Kinderarzt (PFC Ernest Kirchheimer) (“Encounter with a Pediatrician”)
6/45 Cpl. Luwig Elsas (with Sapper Martin Elsas, brother)
6/45 PFC Fred Winterfeld
7/45 PFC Gerhard Samuel
7/45 Eine mobile Synagoge (“A Mobile Synagogue”)
7/45 PFC Simon Landman und Paul Baruch in Nurnberg
7/45 Der Held der “Loyalty” wird gefeiert – “Loyalty und sein Pilot” – Captain Henry B. Perry stellt sich vor  (“The hero of “Loyalty” is celebrated – “Loyalty and its Pilot” – Captain Henry B. Perry introduces himself”)
7/45 Die neue Synagogue von Nauheim (“The New Synagogue of Nauheim”)
7/45 Rolf Baumgarten
7/45 Our Girls in British Auxiliary Territorial Service (Bensch, Cohn, Dobson, Lorig, Rosenbaum, Taylor)
7/45 Ein historiches Photo (Wolf Wartenberg) (“A Historic Photo (Wolf Wartenberg)”)
7/45 Die Bronz Star Brigade (bottom – Baer, Bernheim, Cohn, Landauer, Lewy, Slade [Schlesinger], Sliesser)  (“The Bronze Star Brigade”)
7/45 Die Bronz Star Brigade (middle – Heimbach, Roth, Stein)  (“The Bronze Star Brigade”)
7/45 Die Bronz Star Brigade (top – Feldman, Krieger, Winter)  (“The Bronze Star Brigade”)
7/45 Ein Blick in eine Kantine fur judische Soldaten (“A Look at the Canteen for Jewish Soldiers”)
7/45 John Wolpe
7/45 Mit dem Silver Star ausgezeichnet – Sgt. Werner J. Heumann (Marine Corps) une sein Bruder Leopold (Navy) (“Awarded the Silver Star – Sgt. Werner J. Heumann (Marine Corps) and his brother Leopold (Navy)”)
7/45 Col. Homer P. Ford heftet Capt. Gerald Brotman den Bronze Star an (“Colonel Homer P. Ford attaches the Bronze Star to Capt. Gerald Brotman”)
7/45 Sergeant Kurt Weiss
7/45 Lt. Raymond Zussman
8/45 Er Finger Herrn Ley (PFC Peter Rosenfelder)  (“He Fingers Ley”)
8/45 Drei Bronze Star-Träger (Groeger, Hirsch, Rosenthal)  (“Three Bronze-Star Holders”)
8/45 Zehn Glückliche, die Auschwitz entronnen sind (PFC Herbert Saalfeld)  (“Ten happy ones, who have escaped from Auschwitz”)
8/45 Pvt. Henry Lonner
8/45 PFC Gilbert Wolff
8/45 Mit dem Silver Star ausgezeichnet (First Lieutenant Oscar Drake)  (“Awarded the Silver Star”)
8/45 Heirat in Italien – T/4 Julius Weissman und Rosa Augusta Kampler (“Marriage in Italy – T/4 Julius Weissman and Rosa Augusta Kampler”)
8/45 Die Bronz Star Brigade (middle) – Katz
8/45 Die Bronz Star Brigade (top) – Haberman, Jacobs, Lindauer, Maier
9/45 Now It Can Be Told (Peter Schweifert)
9/45 Der Ansager vom Münchener Rundfunk (Norbert Gruenfeld)  (“The Announcer of Munich Radio”)
9/45 In Berlin angekommen (S/Sgt. Lew Sonn)  (“Arrived in Berlin”)
9/45 Odyssee einer Thorarolle (Cpl. Bernard Price)  (“Odyssey of a Thorarolle”)
9/45 Die Bronz Star Brigade (middle – Katz)  (“The Bronze Star Brigade”)
9/45 Die Bronz Star Brigade (top – Haberman, Jacobs, Lindauer, Maier)  (“The Bronze Star Brigade”)
9/45 PFC George E. Rosing
9/45 Naziwaffen als Lehrgegenstand (Hans O. Mauksch)  (“Nazi weapons as a subject of instruction”)
10/45 Als Spion in Tirol – Die Abenteuer des Sgt. Alfred Mayer (“As a Spy in Tirol – The Adventures of Sgt. Alfred Mayer”)
10/45 T/3 Hugo A. Schaefer
10/45 Mit dem Silver Star ausgezeichnet – S/Sgt. Arthur H. Rosenfeld (“Awarded the Silver Star – S/Sgt. Arthur H. Rosenfeld”)
10/45 Abenteuer in Paris (S/Sgt. Walter D. Marx) (“Adventure in Paris”)
10/45 Begrussung in Chicago (“Welcome to Chicago”)
10/45 Unser Mitarbeiter Pvt. Hans Lichtwitz von der Jüdischen Brigade – Das Bild zeigt Pvt. Lichtwitz bei einem Besuch im Displaced Persons-Lager in Obergammerau [Foto: Sgt. I.W. Eaton]  (“Our employee Pvt. Hans Lichtwitz from the Jewish Brigade – The picture shows Pvt. Lichtwitz during a visit to the Displaced Persons Camp in Obergammerau”)
11/45 PFC Manfred Butler
11/45 Prv. Ernst Rosenstein
11/45 Sgt. Julius Cohn
11/45 Der Ortsgruppenleiter von Haigerloch fährt Jeep  (“The Ortsgruppenleiter of Haigerloch is driven on a Jeep”)
11/45 Gericht in Berlin (Cpl. Albert Gompertz)  (“Court in Berlin”)
11/45 Zum 1st Lieutenant befördert  (Frederick Herman)  (“Promoted to 1st Lieutenant”)
11/45 Zwei Bruder in der Armee (1 Lt. Gerhard Czerner, T/5 Alfred Czerner) (“Two Brothers in the Army”)
12/45 Fur sie hat die Stunde der Heimkehr geschlagen (“The Hour of Homecoming Has Struck For Them”)
3/46 Jahrestags-Gedenkfeier am Grabs des von den Deutschen hinterlistig erschossenen Major-General Maurice Rose (“Anniversary Commemoration at the Grave of Major General Maurice Rose, who was Treacherously Shot by the Germans”)

 

The Reconstruction of Memory: Soldiers of Aufbau – Jewish Military Casualties in WW II

More history, from Aufbau.

In previous posts, I listed articles and other items published during WW II in the New York-based German Exile newspaper Aufbau, pertaining to the struggle for the creation of an independent Jewish military force, and, the wartime experiences of Jewish soldiers from – prior to Israel’s re-establishment in May of 1948 – the Yishuv.  This post follows the same theme:  It’s a list of the 132-odd items published in Aufbau pertaining to Jewish soldiers killed in action or on active service, encompassing the time-frame from the war’s commencement in September of 1939, through March of 1946.  The tabulation of these news items being based on my own evaluation, text in boldface represents the article title as it actually appeared in Aufbau, these items including an English-language translation which didn’t (!) appear in the newspaper.

The list commences with an article about Pilot Officer Harold Rosofsky (40022) from Guateng, Johannesburg, South Africa, a Wellington bomber pilot of No. 9 Squadron Royal Air Force killed in a training mission on September 8, 1939 (specifically, in Wellington I L4320 WS * ZB), and ends with (in historical retrospect, somewhat ironically) mention of Major General Maurice Rose, killed in action on March 30, 1945. 

Overall, I do have information about the majority of the men listed below – for example, Justin Seitenbach, Ernest L. Palm (Yehuda Bar Naftali HaLevi), Werner Katz, Eric G. Newhouse, Peter Schweifert, and others, while I already have a post (currently under revision) about William Hays Davidow, and this “up-and-running” post which mentions Heinz Thannhauserbut …  

This list will suffice, for now.  

Date Title
10/1/39 Roll of Honor – Pilot Rosofsky tot (“Roll of Honor – Pilot Rosofsky dead”)
10/1/39 Roll of Honor – Polens einziger judischer General gefallen (“Roll of Honor – Poland’s only Jewish general fallen”)
10/24/41 Die erste Verlustliste – The First Casualty List (“The first loss list – The first casualty list”)
7/10/42 Private Louis Schleifer
2/5/43 Eine Ehrenliste
2/5/43 In Memoriam – Peter Binswanger
2/26/43 Pollitz, Refugee From Nazis, Dies in Pacific Action
2/26/43 Meyer Levin – Amerikaner – Jüde – Kämpfer – Ein Besuch bei den Eltern des gefallenen Helden (“Meyer Levin – American – Jew – Fighter – A visit with the fallen hero’s parents”)
4/23/43 Brigadier Frederick H. Kisch gefallen – Der Chefingenieur der 8 britischen Armee (“Brigadier Frederick H. Kisch – The Chief Engineer of the 8th British Army”)
6/4/43 Ein Immigrant starb fur Amerika – Justin Seitenbach von seinem letzten Flug nicht zuruckgekehrt – Ein goldener Stern fur Washington Heights (“An immigrant died for America – Justin Seitenbach did not return from his last flight – A golden star for Washington Heights”)
6/11/43 Jews in Uniform – Obituary (Davidow, William H., Capt.)
8/20/43 Der Untergang der 138 (“The sinking of the 138”)
8/27/43 H.E. Bauer (Bauernfreund)
8/27/43 Im Dienst des Landes – Theodore Katz (“In the service of the country – Theodore Katz”)
9/17/43 Der Heldentod der 138 – Jüdische Kriegsveteranen im Mittelmeer ertrunken (“The heroic death of 138 – Jewish war veterans drowned in the Mediterranean”)
11/12/43 Der Tod fur die Freiheit (“Death for freedom”) [Ernest Lilienstein]
12/10/43 Der letzte Brief des Private Herz (“The last letter of Private Herz”)
1/7/44 Werner Cahn gefallen (“Werner Cahn is fallen”)
2/11/44 In Italien gefallen – Otto W. Steinberg (“Fallen in Italy – Otto W. Steinberg”)
2/18/44 Vor Cassino verwundet (“Wounded at Cassino”) [Peter Rosenberg]
3/10/44 Corp. Werner Katz, der Held von Burma – Der letzte Brief des Gefallenen – Unsere Boys kampfen in der vordersten Linien (“Corp. Werner Katz, the Hero of Burma – The Last Letter of the Fallen – Our boys fight in the front lines”)
3/17/44 Corp. Werner Katz lebt (“Cpl. Werner Katz is alive”)
3/24/44 Lt. Charles D. Pack gestorben (“Lt. Charles D. Pack has died”)
3/24/44 Sgt. Palm todlich verungluck (“Sgt. Palm fatally injured”)
4/21/44 Zum zweiten Male Verwundet (“Wounded for the second time”) [Ralph Beigel]
4/28/44 44 judische-Schriftsteller gefallen oder vermisst (“44 Jewish writers fallen or missing”)
4/28/44 Sgt. Ernest Leopold Palm
5/5/44 In Burma gefallen (“Fallen in Burma”) [Pvt. Heinz A. Sander]
5/12/44 Die Toten ehren die Lebenden (“The dead honor the living”) [Wolfgang Rosenberg]
5/12/44 Pvt. Eric M. Heilbronn
5/12/44 Pvt. Ernest Strauss
5/26/44 Einer von Vielen – Guenther L. Schleimer – Held von Anzio Beachhead (“One of the many – Guenther L. Schleimer – Hero of the Anzio Beachhead”)
6/30/44 Pvt. Eric Hirschmann
7/21/44 Fur ihre neue Heimat gefallen (“Fallen for their new home”)  [Bruno Loeb; William B. Flesch]
7/28/44 In Memoriam – Cpl. Robert Maerz
7/28/44 Mit dem Purple Heart ausgezeichnet (“Awarded the Purple Heart”) [Kurt Abraham; Julius Dukas]
8/11/44 Cpl. Robert Maerz der am D-Day in Frankreich gefallen ist (“Cpl. Robert Maerz who died on D-Day in France”)
8/18/44 Fur die neue Heimat gefallen (“Fallen for the new homeland” [PFC Martin Muller]
8/18/44 Fur die neue Heimat gefallen  (“Fallen for the new homeland”) [Pvt. Harry Gunther]
8/25/44 Paul Holos gefallen  (“Paul Holos is Fallen]
8/25/44 PFC Peter Rosenberg, der am Rapido Fluss bei Cassino verwundet wurde (“PFC Peter Rosenberg, wounded at the Rapido River near Cassino”)
8/25/44 Kurt Lesser, Technician 3rd Grade
9/1/44 Der Kriegstod Egon Bruenells (“The war death of Egon Bruenell”)
9/1/44 Edward J. Frosh
9/1/44 Pvt. Arthur Ullendorf
9/1/44 Auf Patrouille in Burma – Die Abenteuer eines Todgesagten von Staff Sergeant Werner Katz (“On Patrol in Burma – The Adventures of a Dead Man, by Staff Sergeant Werner Katz”)
9/8/44 PFC Ernest Pessel
9/15/44 F.H. Koretz gefallen (“F.H. Koretz fallen”)
9/15/44 Heniz Thannhauser
9/15/44 Pvt. Josef E. Kahn
9/15/44 Pvt. Kurt Reinheimer
9/15/44 The Story of Sgt. Eric G. Newhouse
10/6/44 PFC Alfred Hirsch
10/20/44 Pro Libertate – Pvt. Bertold Adler (“For freedom – Pvt. Bertold Adler”)
10/20/44 Pro Libertate – Pvt. Gerhard Buehler (“For freedom – Pvt. Gerhard Buehler”)
10/27/44 PFC Julius Jonas
10/27/44 Jochanan Tartakower
11/10/44 Ehrentafel fur unsere Gefallenen (“Table of honor for our fallen”)
11/17/44 PFC Henry L. Hanauer
11/17/44 Pvt. Paul H. Hertz
11/17/44 S/Sgt. Kurt Popper
11/24/44 Ehrentafel fur unsere Gefallenen (“Table of honor for our fallen”)
12/1/44 Cpl. Eric Nathan
12/1/44 S/Sgt. Kurt Popper
12/8/44 Anneliese Ostrogorski
12/22/44 They Died for Their Country – This is the first list of “Aufbau” readers who, having immigrated to this country since 1933, made the supreme sacrifice for their new homeland and liberty.
12/29/44 Pvt. Fred M.  Harlam – Als 4-F fur die Freiheit gefallen (“Pvt. Fred M. Harlam – As a 4-F fallen for freedom”)
1/12/45 Sgt. Paul Mayer
1/19/45 Pvt. Eric Ziegelstein
1/19/45 Ensign Samuel Marsh, Jr.
1/26/45 PFC Henry Menkes
1/26/45 Pvt. Gero Piper
1/26/45 Pvt. Joseph Rudas
1/26/45 S/Sgt. Bernard Gaertner
1/26/45 Sgt. Alfred Nightingale
2/2/45 Corp. T/5 John Weill
2/2/45 PFC Alfred Behr
2/2/45 Pvt. Freddie Linton
2/2/45 T/Sgt. John Loewenthal
2/2/45 PFC Ferdinand Epstein
2/9/45 PFC Gerhard Heymann
2/9/45 He Knew Why He Died (David and George – 12/7/44)
2/16/45 S/Sgt. Alfred Rosenthal
2/23/45 Gen. Ivan D. Chernyakovsky
2/23/45 Sgt. Alexander H. Hirsch
2/23/45 Beim Macquis gefallen (“Fallen as a Maquis”) [Egon Berlin]
2/23/45 Major Mirkin gefallen (“Major Mirkin has fallen”)
3/2/45 Beim Macquis gefallen (“Fallen as a Maquis”) [Erwin Brueckman]
3/2/45 Ebenfalls beim Macquis gefallen (“Also Fallen as Maquis”)  [Ernest Blaukopf, Paula Draxler, Dr. Alfred Eidinger, Albert Hirsch, Harry Fleischmann, Heinrich Fritz, Karl Glatzhofer, Jula Guesner, Felix Kreisler, Gustav Kurz, Josef Meisel, Dr. Georg Rosen, Hugo Schoenagl, Bruno Weingast]
3/9/45 First Sgt. Alfred Eisenmann
3/9/45 PFC Arthur Heinz Gottschalk
3/16/45 PFC Richard L. Norman
3/16/45 PFC Steve L. Schoenwalter
3/16/45 S/Sgt. Louis Leiter
3/30/45 2nd Lt. Alfred Kupferschmidt
3/30/45 PFC Frank Kurzinger
3/30/45 Pvt. Ernest Schiffres
4/6/45 Major General Maurice Rose
4/13/45 Eisenstaedt, Lubow, Mosback
4/27/45 Gerald (Jerry) Beigel
5/4/45 PFC Harry Kaufman
5/4/45 Pvt. Fred Finsterwald
5/11/45 Corp. Heinz Maas
5/11/45 Max Levy
5/11/45 PFC Curtis Field
5/11/45 T/5 Bernard Wattenberg
5/11/45 Aus deutscher Gefangenschaft befreit (“Freed from German captivity”) [PFC Herbert Frank]
5/11/45 Lichtwitz, Richard (death notice – mentions Hans Lichtwitz)
5/18/45 PFC Eric Wertheim
5/18/45 PFC Leo Kent (Kendziora)
5/18/45 S/Sgt. Erich I. Goldschmidt
5/18/45 S/Sgt. Stephen Sigmund Mosbacher
5/25/45 Pvt. Adolf Rosenzweig
5/25/45 Pvt. Arnold A. Masse
6/1/45 S/Sgt. Martin H. Neuhaus
6/15/45 Manfred Selig
6/15/45 PFC Arthur Einstein
6/29/45 Cpl. Luwig Elsas (with Sapper Martin Elsas, brother)
6/29/45 PFC Fred Winterfeld
7/6/45 PFC Gerhard Samuel
7/13/45 Rolf Baumgarten
8/10/45 Pvt. Henry Lonner
8/24/45 PFC Gilbert Wolff
9/7/45 Now It Can Be Told (Peter Schweifert)
9/21/45 PFC George E. Rosing
10/19/45 T/3 Hugo A. Schaefer
11/9/45 PFC Manfred Butler
11/9/45 Prv. Ernst Rosenstein
11/9/45 Sgt. Julius Cohn
11/9/45 Im Dienst des Maquis gefallen (“Fallen in the service of the Maquis”) [Max Kahn]
1/25/46 Verlustziffer der amerikanischen Juden in diesem Kriege (“Loss figure of the American Jews in this war”)
3/29/46 Jahrestags-Gedenkfeier am Grabe des von den Deutschen hinterlistig erschossenen Major-General Maurice Rose (“Anniversary commemoration ceremony at the grave of Major-General Maurice Rose, who was treacherously shot by the Germans”)

Chernyakhovskiy